Π Π½Π°Ρ Π²Π΅ΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ Π³ΠΎΡΠ°Π·Π΄ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½, Π° Π½Π΅ Π²ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ. ΠΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΡ Π² ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΠΈ Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈ Π»Π°Π½Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π‘Π΅ΠΉΡΠ°Ρ Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ-Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π» ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ Π·Π° Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΡΡ. Π ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΌΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠ° Π·Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ° β ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Π±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅, Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠΌ Π½Π° ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ Π°Π½Π³Π»ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠ΅.
Π‘ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅
- ΠΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ
ΠΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠ°
Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠ°Π»Π° ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π·Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ. Π‘Π΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠ° Π² Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎ Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠΊΡ Π±Π΅Π· ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ°.
Garden Planner
Π‘ΡΡΠ»ΠΊΠ° | Π‘ΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ | Π―Π·ΡΠΊ | Π‘Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ |
---|---|---|---|
http://www.smallblueprinter.com/garden/ | $34 | ΠΠ½Π³Π»ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ | ΠΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΉ |
Garden Planner β ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Ρ Π² ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ° ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Artifact Interactive Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠ° Π² 2D ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅. ΠΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ Π²Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠΊ Π±ΡΠΊΠ²Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π·Π° 5 ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΡΡ. ΠΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΡ Π½Π° Π°Π½Π³Π»ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠ΅. ΠΠΎ ΠΎΠ½ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ΅Π½.
ΠΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
Π ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ Π±ΡΠΊΠ²Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π·Π° 5 ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΡΡ! ΠΠ°Π·Π° ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½Π° Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠ°.
ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Π°, ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π·Π° 5 ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΠ½Π»Π°ΠΉΠ½ Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ½Π° ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠΉ.
FloorPlan 3D
Π‘ΡΡΠ»ΠΊΠ° | Π‘ΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ | Π―Π·ΡΠΊ | Π‘Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ |
---|---|---|---|
https://www.turbocad.com/turbofloorplan/ | $49,99 | Π ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ | ΠΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΉ |
FloorPlan 3D (TurboFloorPlan Home and Landscape Deluxe 2017) β ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ², ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ². ΠΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΉΠ΄ΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ², ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ².
Π‘ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΠ°
ΠΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΉ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π±ΡΡΡΡΠΎ.
ΠΠΈΠ΄ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Π° Π² 2D
Π FloorPlan 3D Π²Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ, ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ². Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Β«ΠΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡΒ», Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ². Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ° ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΉΠ΄ΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Π° ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠ΅, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Π° Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ° Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Π±Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΉ Π½Π° ΡΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ.
X-designer
Π‘ΡΡΠ»ΠΊΠ° | Π‘ΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ | Π―Π·ΡΠΊ | Π‘Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ |
---|---|---|---|
http://iddk.ru/ru/catalog_copy/product/2037 | 229 ΡΡΠ± | Π ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ | ΠΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΉ |
X-designer β ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΈΠΊ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠ° Π² 3Π ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅. ΠΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Β«ΠΠΠΠΒ» ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π²Π°Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠΊ Π±Π΅Π· ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π½Π°Π²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ². Π ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Π° ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡ Ρ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ 3D ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ.
Π‘ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΠ° X-designer
Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π² X-designer ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠ°, Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΊ. ΠΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ° ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ 500 ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ².
ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π·ΠΈΠΌΠ½Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π° ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠ°
ΠΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
Π‘Π»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ.
ΠΠ°Ρ Π‘Π°Π΄ ΠΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»Π»
Π‘ΡΡΠ»ΠΊΠ° | Π‘ΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ | Π―Π·ΡΠΊ | Π‘Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ |
---|---|---|---|
http://www.dicomp.ru/products/rubin-9/index.html | 3500 ΡΡΠ± | Π ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ | ΠΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΉ |
ΠΠ°Ρ Π‘Π°Π΄ ΠΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»Π» Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡ 10 (ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΠ°Ρ Π‘Π°Π΄ Π ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½ 9.0) β ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ° ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΠΠ Β«ΠΠΈΠΠΎΠΌΠΏΒ». Π―Π²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ½ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π°. Π Π±Π°Π·Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ 17000 Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ 2000 ΡΠΎΠ·. Π‘ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ 20 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΌ: ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π°, ΡΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ, ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Ρ.Π΄β¦
ΠΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ½ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ
ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΡ, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ Π²Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ², Π·Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΡ Π² ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ Π΄Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠ°.
ΠΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΡ
ΠΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΈΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ 2D ΠΈ 3D Π²ΠΈΠ΄ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ, Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠΊΠΈ, Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠ΅, Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π°.
Sierra LandDesigner 3D
Π‘ΡΡΠ»ΠΊΠ° | Π‘ΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ | Π―Π·ΡΠΊ | Π‘Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ |
---|---|---|---|
http://www.sierra.com/ | Π£ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎ Π±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΠ½Π°Ρ | Π ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ | ΠΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΉ |
Sierra LandDesigner 3D β ΠΏΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π»Π°Π½Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΉΠ½Π° Π² 2D ΠΈ 3D ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅. Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ β ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Sierra, ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΌ Π»ΡΠ±ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΎΠΈΠ³Ρ. Π ΡΠΎΠΆΠ°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ° ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°Ρ (2000 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π²ΡΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ°) ΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΉΡΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΉΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Π΅Ρ Π½Π΅Π»ΡΠ·Ρ. Π’Π΅ΠΌ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅, ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π΅Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°. ΠΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ.
ΠΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΡ Sierra LandDesigner 3D v. 7.0
Punch Home Design
Π‘ΡΡΠ»ΠΊΠ° | Π‘ΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ | Π―Π·ΡΠΊ | Π‘Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ |
---|---|---|---|
http://www.punchsoftware.com/c-35-all-products.aspx | ΠΎΡ $39,99 | ΠΠ½Π³Π»ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ | Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΉ |
Punch Home Design β ΠΏΠ°ΠΊΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π° Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ° ΠΈ Π΄Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠ°.
ΠΡΡ Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ²
Π‘Π°ΠΌΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡ Β«Punch! Landscape, Deck & Patio v19Β» ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π»Π°Π½Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΡ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΈ, ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠΎΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠΎΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ ΠΈΠ· Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌ AutoCad ΠΈ Sketchup!
ΠΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΡ Punch Home Design
ΠΠ½Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Realtime Landscaping Architect, Π° ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Ρ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ 3D ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Π΅Ρ Π΅Ρ Π½Π΅Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΉ.
SketchUp
Π‘ΡΡΠ»ΠΊΠ° | Π‘ΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ | Π―Π·ΡΠΊ | Π‘Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ |
---|---|---|---|
https://www.sketchup.com/ru | ΠΠ΅ΡΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΠ½Π°Ρ | Π ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ | Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΉ |
SketchUp β Π±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡ Π΄Π»Ρ 3D-ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π΄Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ², Π° Π²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°. ΠΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΉΠ΄ΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Ρ ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π΄ Π² ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΠΊΡΠΏΠΈΡΡ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΈΡ.
Π£ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π±Π°Π·Π° ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ. ΠΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡ ΠΊ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅ Π² ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½.
ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊΠ° 3D ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° Β«Π΅Π»ΡΒ»
ΠΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ SketchUp ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠ°, ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ β 3D ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΉΠ΄ΡΡ ΠΎΠ½Π° ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ Π»Π°Π½Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΉΠ½Π°.
ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ Π² SketchUp
ΠΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Realtime Landscaping Architect
Π‘ΡΡΠ»ΠΊΠ° Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ | Π―Π·ΡΠΊ | Π‘Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ | |
---|---|---|---|
https://www.ideaspectrum.com/compare-landscaping-software/ | ΠΎΡ $79,95 | ΠΠ½Π³Π»ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ | Π‘Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠΉ |
Realtime Landscaping Architect β ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠ° Π² ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ 2D ΠΈ 3D Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Windows. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΉΠ΄ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π»Π°Π½Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΉΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°ΠΌ.
Π‘ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΠ°
Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ². Π Π±Π°Π·Π΅ ΠΏΠ°ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ° Plus ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΡΡΡ 10400 ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ 5100 ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π² ΠΏΠ°ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Architect β 16400 ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ², ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ 7200 ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ.
ΠΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ
ΠΡΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π·Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π½Π° Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π½Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ΅ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ΅. Π ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ.
ΠΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΡ:
Π Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π΅ ΠΌΡ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Autodesk 3DS Max ΠΈ ArchiCad. ΠΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π² ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°Π½Ρ Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π² ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π»ΡΠ±ΡΡ ΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ². Π ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠ°.
ΠΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠΌΠ΅
ΠΡΠ±ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ Π²ΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΌ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π²Ρ Ρ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅:
ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Π° Π² Π΄Π²ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΉΠ΄ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ° Garden Planner.
ΠΠ»Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ° Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Π° Π² 3D ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΉΠ΄ΡΡ: FloorPlan 3D ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ X-Designer.
ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²Ρ Π·Π°Π΄ΡΠΌΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π½Π°Π΄ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π°Π΅ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡ Π²Π°Ρ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½, ΡΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ΅ ΠΠ°Ρ Π‘Π°Π΄ ΠΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»Π» ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π°Π½Π³Π»ΠΎΡΠ·ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Punch Home Design ΠΈ Sierra LandDesigner 3D.
ΠΠ· ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π°Π½Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Realtime Landscaping Architect, SketchUp, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Autodesk 3DS Max ΠΈ ArchiCad.
ΠΠ°Π·Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ | Π‘ΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ | Π―Π·ΡΠΊ | Π‘Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ |
---|---|---|---|
Garden Planner | $34 | ΠΠ½Π³Π»ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ | ΠΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΉ |
FloorPlan 3D 12 | $49,99 | Π ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ | ΠΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΉ |
X-Designer | 229 ΡΡΠ± | Π ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ | ΠΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΉ |
ΠΠ°Ρ Π‘Π°Π΄ ΠΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»Π» | 3500 ΡΡΠ± | Π ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ | ΠΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΉ |
Sierra LandDesigner 3D | Π£ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎ Π±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΠ½Π°Ρ | Π ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ | ΠΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΉ |
Punch Home Design | ΠΎΡ $39,99 | ΠΠ½Π³Π»ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ | Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΉ |
SketchUp | ΠΠ΅ΡΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΠ½Π°Ρ * | Π ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ | Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΉ |
Realtime Landscaping Architect | ΠΎΡ $79,95 | ΠΠ½Π³Π»ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ | Π‘Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠΉ |
* ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π½Π° Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ 695$
Π§ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΉΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΡ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π°:
4.6 / 5 ( 5 Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠ² )
Π‘ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°
ΠΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ:
ΠΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»Π° ΡΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π° Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Π½Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ° Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ. ΠΡ ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ β ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ Ρ Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° Π½Π΅Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ.
ΠΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ β ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΆ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ². Π‘ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΈΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠΉ, Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π΅Ρ Π½Π° Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΊ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Ρ: Ρ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°.
ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ
ΠΠ° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅ β ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈ Π³Π΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠ°Π·Π²Π΅Π΄ΠΊΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠ΅, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π·Π°ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΠΊΡ. ΠΠ½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π»Π°Π½Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°, Π³ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ°, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ΄, ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡ Π½Π° Π΄Π²Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ°: ΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π³Π΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΊΠ°.
Π§ΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΡ, Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π²Π»Π°Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡ Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈ ΠΊ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠΌ ΠΈ Π²Π½ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ½Π°Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°. Π‘ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡ Π΄Π²Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π΅ ΠΎΡ Π³Π΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Π²Π΅Π΄ΠΊΠΈ:
- ΠΠ΅ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΊΠ° ΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ»ΠΊΠΈ ΠΊ Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°, Π΄Π°Π»Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΌ, Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½.
- ΠΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π²Π»Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°, ΡΡΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ.
ΠΠ·Π±Π΅ΠΆΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎ β ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Π³Π΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠ°Π·Π²Π΅Π΄ΠΊΠ° β ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π΅ Β«Π³ΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΒ» ΠΏΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΡ. ΠΡ Π½Π΅Ρ Π²ΡΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ: ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° β ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅, ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ β ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π³Π°ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ.
ΠΠ΅Π· ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠΌΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π³Π΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠ°Π·Π²Π΅Π΄ΠΊΠΈ, Π΄Π»Ρ Π½Π°Π΄ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡ Π·Π°Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ β ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡ. ΠΡΠΈΡΡΠΌ β ΡΡΠΎ Β«ΡΠ΄Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅Β» ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΈΠΉ. Π Π² ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠΊ.
Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π³Π΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠ°Π·Π²Π΅Π΄ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈ Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ, ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ:
- Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π° Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠ΅, Π³Π΄Π΅ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ Π΄ΠΎΠΌ;
- ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ ΡΡΠ½Π΄Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°;
- ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ²;
- ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ: ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½Π°ΠΆΠ° ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Ρ;
- ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠ΅.
Π’ΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ.
ΠΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ
ΠΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΎΠ³ΠΈ Π³Π΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Π²Π΅Π΄ΠΊΠΈ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π»Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π²Π»Π°Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΠ° Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ° β ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ΅, Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ Β«ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅Β» ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ:
- ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΈ;
- ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°: ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅;
- ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ;
- Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊ;
- ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π»Π°Π½Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π΄ΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΉΠ½Ρ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ.
ΠΡΠΈΡΡΠΌ Π½Π° Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Π΅: Π² Β«Π±ΡΠΌΠ°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΌΒ» ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Β«ΡΠΊΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌΒ» Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅, ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½Π΅Π΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΡΡ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π»Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π²Π»Π°Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΠ° ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°.
ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΡ: ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ
ΠΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ Π΅ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π΄ΡΠΌΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΊΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ β ΡΡΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ° Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°: ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠΉ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±Π°ΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ.
ΠΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°
ΠΠ°ΠΆΠ΅ Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΠ°ΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Β«Π·Π°Π²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΒ» Π½Π΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π·Ρ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ β ΡΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ, Π² Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΉΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ. Π Ρ Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠΆΠ΅ Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°:
- ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Ρ Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°;
- ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π· ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ° Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ Π²Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠΈ;
- ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ;
- ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ, Π²Π΅Π΄Ρ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π΅Ρ Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄.
ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ΄Ρ Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈ Β«ΡΡΠΌΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π°Β». Π§ΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ΄Π°ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ Β«ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠ΅Π±ΡΒ», ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π½Π΅Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ. ΠΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π° β ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ:
- Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π½Π΅ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΠΌ Π»Π°Π½Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ° ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΌ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π·Π°ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΠΊΡ;
- Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, Π² Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Π² Π·Π°ΡΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ β Π½Π΅ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ;
- ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ.
Π‘ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΡΡΠΎ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ β ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ Π½Π΅Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΈ ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ. ΠΡΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊ. ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ, Π½Π΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π±ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ°, Π½Π΅ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠ°. ΠΠ±ΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ Ρ Π½ΠΈΠΌ β Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠΌ ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠ°, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π±Π΅Π· ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΉ. Π‘ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΆΡΡ ΠΠ°Ρ ΠΎΡ Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠΊ.
ΠΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠΈΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ°Π·Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Ρ Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠ°, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ Π·Π°ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅, Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΆ Ρ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ.
ΠΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π΄Π²Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ β ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΠΌΡΠ΅ β ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ, Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠ° ΡΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π°.
Π§ΡΠΎ Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊ, Π² Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ: ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΡΡ-ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ? Π‘ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠΈ Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΠΌΡΠ΅, Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ:
- Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΈ;
- ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΡ Π·Π°ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° Π² ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π΅ Ρ ΡΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ;
- Π² ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΈ Ρ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ.
Π ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠΈΠΊ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅. ΠΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ: ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ, Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ.
ΠΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°
ΠΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ° Π²ΡΡ ΡΡΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΊ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°. ΠΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ, ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅? ΠΠ»Ρ Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»Π° Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΆΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ±ΠΊΠ°Ρ , ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΉ:
- Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ: ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ;
- ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡ Π΄ΡΡΠ·Π΅ΠΉ, Π·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΌΡΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅Π³, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ , ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ;
- ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΌ, Π² ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅ β Ρ Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ;
- ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Ρ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ Π΄ΡΡΠ·ΡΡΠΌΠΈ, ΡΠ·Π½Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅.
Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΌ, ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΎΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌ. ΠΠ°Π΄ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΡ Ρ Π»Π°Π½Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ, Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ, Ρ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°.
ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π°
ΠΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΆΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π°Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π°. ΠΡΠΈΡΡΠΌ Π² ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ. ΠΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ, Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠ°.
ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ: Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ²Π΅Ρ Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΊ ΠΊΠΈΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ° β Π² ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ-ΡΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡΡ Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊ. ΠΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏ β Π²Π΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΈΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ° Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ β Π² ΠΈΡΠΎΠ³Π΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π½.
ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΆΠ΅ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ Π΄ΠΎΠΌ:
- ΠΠΈΡΠΏΠΈΡ. ΠΠ½ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ, Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ, ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ, Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠ·ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΉΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΌΠΎΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠΎ ΠΊΠΈΡΠΏΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎ ΠΈ Π²Π»Π°Π³Ρ. Π ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΊ β Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ.
- ΠΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΎΠ½. ΠΠ½ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»Π΅Π½ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°. ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° β ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΡΠΌΠΎ- ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅.
- ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎ. ΠΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½Ρ, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π°, ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ, ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ, Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠ°ΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ, Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΊ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½ β Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ Π΄ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ.
- ΠΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°. Π‘ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡ, ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ Ρ Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ β ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ β ΠΌΠ°Π»Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΡ, Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ±ΠΊΠ° Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ½Π° ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈ ΠΊ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ·Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠΌ. ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ-ΡΠΎ Β«Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΒ».
ΠΡΠΈ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΊ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΡ.
ΠΡΠ°ΠΏΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°
ΠΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π·Π°Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠΏΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΠΏ β ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ, Π² ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½Π΅ΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ β ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΌ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠ°.
ΠΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ±ΠΊΠΈ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈ ΠΊ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΠΌ: ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ΅, Π΄Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΌ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌΠΈ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ° ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ°. Π ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΊ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌ: Π΄Π»Ρ Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ°Π·Π° ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°.
Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ Π² Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠΎΠ²:
- ΠΡΠΊΠΈΠ·Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ.
- Π‘ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ.
- Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎ Π»Π°Π½Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΠΊΠ°ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠΈΠΊΠ°.
- ΠΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ.
ΠΡΠΊΠΈΠ·Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΡ Π΅ΠΌΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠ°, ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ° Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°, ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°, ΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π΄Π°, ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΆΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ½ Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ± ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΈ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΌ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ Π·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠΊΠΈΠ·Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ β ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ½ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π³Π΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠ°Π·Π²Π΅Π΄ΠΊΠΈ.
Π‘ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ β Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΠΏ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΅Ρ, ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ. Π Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π°:
- ΠΡΡ ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ (ΠΠ ). Π Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π²Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ½Π΄Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°, ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅ΠΉ, Π±Π°Π»ΠΎΠΊ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ², ΠΊΡΡΡΠΈ, ΡΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ, ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅Π·Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°, ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Π»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠ΅Π½ ΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°Ρ Π·Π°ΠΏΠΈΡΠΊΠ°.
- ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ. (ΠΠ ). ΠΠ½ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π² ΡΠ΅Π±Ρ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΡ Π΅ΠΌΡ ΡΡΠ½Π΄Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ, ΡΠ°Π·Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡΡΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ ΠΈ ΡΡ Π΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π»Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ, ΡΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ.
- ΠΠ½ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅. Π Π°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΡ Π΅ΠΌΡ ΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ: Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ½Π°Π±ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ, Π²Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ.
ΠΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Ρ Π»Π°Π½Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ° ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠ΅: Π³Π°ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°, Π°Π½Π³Π°ΡΠ° ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π½Π΅Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΉ Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π³Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠ°Π½Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΉΠ½ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΡ ΡΠΎΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠ°ΠΌ.
ΠΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π° Π½ΡΠΆΠ½Π°, Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡ. 51 ΠΡΠ°Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΊΡΠ° Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ. Π ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΠΊΠ΅Ρ:
- Π·Π°ΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅;
- Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠΊ;
- Π³ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½;
- ΡΡ Π΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ»ΠΈ Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°.
ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ»ΠΈ β ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΆΠΈΠ»ΡΡ, ΡΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΡΡΡΡ.
Π§ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅: Β«ΠΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ²Β».
ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ
Π‘ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ Π΅ΠΌΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅Ρ Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡ, Ρ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ Π½Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ΅, ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΊΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΊ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°. ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΡ Π½ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ.
ΠΠ΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π²Π΅Π΄ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠΊΠ°Π· ΠΎΡ ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ³ΠΈ Π² Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Π² ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΌ.
Π Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π½Π° ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°. ΠΠ΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΠ΄: ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ, Π²Π·Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΠ² Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠΎΠ΄Π±ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡ β ΡΠΎΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Ρ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠ°. ΠΠ΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΈ Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ.
Π§ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅: Β«ΠΡΠΈΠ±ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°Β»
ΠΠ° ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π·Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠ°ΠΌ. ΠΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΠ·Π±Π΅ΠΆΠ°ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π² ΠΈΡΠΎΠ³Π΅ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π° Π΄ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π»Π° Π²ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ.
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΡ Ρ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²
ΠΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΠ· Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°, Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΊΡΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° Π΄Π»Ρ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΡ. ΠΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π» ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈ Π½ΡΠ°Π½ΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅. ΠΠ°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Π»Ρ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ½Π΄Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ, ΡΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ·Π°ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ. Π‘Π»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎ Π·Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π±Ρ Π½Π° ΡΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠ΅:ΠΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΈΡΠ° β ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠΉ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π», Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΡΡ Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π΄ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠΌΠΎΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ, Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ½Π΅ΠΏΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΡΡ, ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΊ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°ΠΌ, Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅Π³Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ.
ΠΡΠ±Π΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Ρ β ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°, ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠΌ, Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ, Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ½Π΅ΠΏΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ, Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΠ· ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ²: Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΈΠ΄, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ, ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π°ΠΌΠΈ, Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΡ ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Ρ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΊ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π°ΠΌ.
ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Ρ (ΠΎΠ½Π΄ΡΠ»ΠΈΠ½) β ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ½ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π±ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ Π² ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ, ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅: Π½Π΅ Π΄ΡΡΠΈΡ, Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠΊ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠ±Ρ, ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Ρ.
ΠΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΈΡΠ° β ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΈΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π», ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ½Π° Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Π°, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π»ΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ. Π ΠΏΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ΡΡΠΈ: ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅ΠΌΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ, ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π³Π°ΠΌΠΌΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π³Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ½ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°, Π½Π΅ Π³ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ. ΠΠ· ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ²: ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π» ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΡΠΌ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Ρ, Π½Π΅ Π΄ΡΡΠΈΡ, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π°.
ΠΠΈΡΡΠΌΠ½Π°Ρ (ΠΌΡΠ³ΠΊΠ°Ρ) ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΈΡΠ° β ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π», ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Π»ΠΈ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Π»Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΈΡΡ, ΡΠ»Π°Π½Π΅Ρ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΊΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°. ΠΠ· ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ² ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡ: Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π³Π°ΠΌΠΌΡ. Π Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡ, Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π» Π½Π΅ Π΄ΡΡΠΈΡ, ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Ρ.
Π¦Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΈΡΠ° β Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π», ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΠΊ ΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡΡ. Π Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ ΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ Π·Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π΅ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²Π»Π°Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΠ° Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°, ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π» ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ Π±Π΅Π· ΡΡΡΠ΄Π° ΡΠΌΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠ²ΡΡΡΡΡ Π³ΡΡΠ·Ρ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π½ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡ: Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°ΠΌ, ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΌ, Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ Π·Π²ΡΠΊΠΎΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ. ΠΠ· Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²: ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π» Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠΉ, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΊΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ Π²ΡΡΠ΅, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ².
ΠΠ°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ! ΠΠ° ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΡΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΆ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ. Π Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Π² ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ, Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»Π°. ΠΠΎ Π² Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΊ.
Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°
ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ° ΠΈΠ· Π±ΡΡΡΠ° Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π±Π΅Π»ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΉΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°ΠΌ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΠΌ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΉ, ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΈ Π°Π±ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ Π±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½Ρ — ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΎΡ-ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΈΠΊ Π½Π° ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ° Π²Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΎΠ½Π»Π°ΠΉΠ½ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Π½ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ²ΡΠΈΠΉΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ ΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΆΠ°ΡΡ ΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠΏΠΊΡ Β«Π‘ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΡΒ». ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΡΠ³Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ, Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ Π½Π΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ.
ΒΠΠ°ΠΏΡΡΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°-ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΈΠΊΠ°
Β1. ΠΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π±ΡΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°
ΒΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ Π½Π° Π½Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΉΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠ° ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ: 1) ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΆ; 2) Π΄ΠΎΠΌ Ρ ΠΌΠ°Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΉ; 3) Π΄ΠΎΠΌ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π²ΡΠΎΡΡΠΌ ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠΎΠΌ. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ Ρ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ°Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅ Π±ΡΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π΄Π²ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ Π½ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠ΄Ρ, Π° ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π±Π΅Π»ΠΈ — Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠΎΠ².
ΒΠ‘ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½-ΡΡ Π΅ΠΌΡ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°, Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π°, ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π»Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ°, Π΄Π²Π΅ΡΠΈ. ΠΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠ° ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΊΠ΅ Β«ΠΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ°Β».
ΒΠΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°
ΒΠ€ΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΡ Π΅ΠΌΠ° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΈ Π±ΡΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ Π²Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ» ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΆΠ°Ρ Π½Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ. ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ° Ρ Π½Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΎΠΉ, ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΎΠ²-ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π° Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ.
ΒΠ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ° Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΈ Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ:
Β1) ΠΠ½Π΅Π²Π½Π°Ρ — Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π½Π΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ: Π³ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ, Ρ ΠΎΠ»Π», ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ, ΠΊΡΡ Π½Ρ, ΠΊΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ½Π΅Ρ, Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°.
2) ΠΠΎΡΠ½Π°Ρ — ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ: ΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈ, Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ½Π°ΡΡ, Π³Π°ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΠ΅, ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ·Π»Ρ.
3) Π₯ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ — Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ: ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ, ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π°Π», Π³Π°ΡΠ°ΠΆ, ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ.
ΒΠΠ° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π½Π΅Π²Π½ΡΡ ΠΈ Ρ ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΡ Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π²Π΅ΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡ Π½Π° 2-ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΠΆ. Π Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π΄Π²Π΅ΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ° ΡΡ Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΈ Β«ΠΠ²Π΅ΡΡΒ» ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Β«ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ°Β». ΠΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ Π΄Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ, Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π½Π° Π·Π°Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π²ΠΎΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ.
ΒΠ Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ° Π΄Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΒΠ’ΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊ Π»Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΈ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΡ ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π³Π»Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π‘ΠΠΈΠ 2.08.01-89. ΠΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ² ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊ Π»Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΌ Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ : ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π° Π»Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ° — 0,9 ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠΏΠ½Π΅ΠΉ Π² ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ — Π½Π΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ 18, ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½ — 1:1,25. Π Π°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°ΡΡ Π»Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡ Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ±ΡΡΠ΅ (Ρ ΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅) ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ΅. ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ: Π»Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π² Π³ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ, ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ. ΠΠ°ΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ — Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° Π½Π° Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΠΆ Π½Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· Π²Π΅ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΌ. Π Π½Π΅Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΆΠ°Ρ Π»Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π² ΡΠ³Π»Ρ Ρ ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ, Π² Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π»Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°.
ΒΠ‘Π»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΠΏ — ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈ 1-Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ° Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈ. ΠΠ΅ΠΆΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Ρ 2 ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ°. ΠΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΠ² Π·Π° ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π·ΠΊΠ°, ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡΡ Π² Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π²Π½ΠΈΠ·Ρ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΡ. Π£ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ² Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Ρ Π½Π° ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΊ, Π²Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΠ΄Π°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΠΈ Π½ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΆΠ°ΡΡ Β«Π£Π΄Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡΒ».
ΒΠ£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΊ
ΒΠ Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΎΠ²-ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ:
Β1) Π’Π°ΠΌΠ±ΡΡ — ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°. ΠΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅ Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ½Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°. ΠΠ΄Π΅ΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π»Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ° Π½Π° 2-ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΠΆ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ, Π²Π΅ΡΠ°Π½Π΄Ρ, Π² Π³Π°ΡΠ°ΠΆ, Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ±ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ — ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π°.
2) ΠΠΎΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΡΡ — ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Π° Π±ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ 0,85 ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ², ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ — 1,1-1,6 ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²Π΄ΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π²ΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡ, ΡΠΎ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π° Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Π° Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π° Π½Π° ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Π±Π΅Π»ΠΈ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΠ·Π±Π΅Π³Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ·ΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠ°ΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ 2-Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ° — Π½Π΅Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΉ Ρ ΠΎΠ»Π», Π²Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ½Π°ΡΡ, ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅, Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ Π²ΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ Π»Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ°.
3) ΠΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ½Π°ΡΠ° — ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ²Π°Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ. ΠΠΎΠΌΠ½Π°ΡΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½Π° Ρ ΠΊΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΉ, ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ, ΠΊΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄Ρ — 18 ΠΌ2, ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ — Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π°. Π Π³ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π±ΡΡΡ Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈ: Π½Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ΅ 12 ΠΌ2 Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ 1 ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π°. ΠΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ — ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½Ρ, Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π° Π²ΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠΆΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°.
4) Π‘ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈ — Π½Π΅Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ½Π°ΡΡ Ρ 1-2 ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄Ρ ΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈ — 8 ΠΌ2, Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ½Π°ΡΡ — 12 ΠΌ2. ΠΠ»Π°Π²Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Ρ (Ρ ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ΅Π² Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°), ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄Ρ — ΠΎΡ 12-15 ΠΌ2. ΠΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ° ΡΠΏΠ°Π»Π΅Π½ — ΠΏΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ. ΠΡΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ³Π»ΡΠ΄ΡΡ ΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈ ΡΒ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π·ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π³Π°ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΌ, ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π² Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅.
5) ΠΡΡ Π½Ρ — ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΈΡΠΈ. Π ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΊΡΡ Π½Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Ρ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΡΡ Π½ΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΡΡΠ°Π·Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ: Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ½Π°Π±ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΡΠ½Π°Π±ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Π²Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ. ΠΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄Ρ ΠΊΡΡ Π½ΠΈ — ΠΎΡ 9 ΠΌ2 ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅. ΠΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π½Π° Π»ΡΠ±ΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ°. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΡ Π½ΠΈ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ Π²Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ» ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΠΌ.
6) Π‘Π°Π½ΡΠ·Π΅Π» — ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Π³Π΄Π΅ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°. Π§ΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ·Π»ΠΎΠ² Π² Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ . Π‘Π°Π½ΡΠ·Π»Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ. Π Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ Π² ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΠ½Π°, ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈ-Π±Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΠ½.
ΒΠΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ° Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π²ΡΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π΄Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ.
ΒΠ Π°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ ΠΈ Π΄Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ
ΒΠΠΊΠ½Π° — ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ°, Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠ° Π² Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ΅. ΠΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ Π² ΡΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ: Π΄Π»Ρ Π΄Π½Π΅Π²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ — Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ 20% ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈ, Π΄Π»Ρ Π½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ — Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ 10%, Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΌΠ°Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ — Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ 5%. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄Ρ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π° Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½, ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠΌ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ±Π½Π΅Π΅ ΠΎ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Ρ Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΊ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ Π² Π‘ΠΠΈΠ 23-05-95, ΠΠΠ‘Π’ Π 56926-2016.
ΒΠΠ»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ — ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΎ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΠΌ Π‘ΠΠΈΠ Π²Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°Ρ Π΄Π²Π΅ΡΡ ΠΈΠ· Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ° Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Π° ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΡ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π΄Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ° Π½Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ, Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ: ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°Ρ Π΄Π²Π΅ΡΡ Π½Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Π° Π·Π°Π΄Π΅Π²Π°ΡΡ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ. Π£Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎ, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° Π΄Π²Π΅ΡΠΈ Π² Π½Π΅Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΡ, Π° Π² Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ — Π²ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ. ΠΠΎ Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠ°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ, Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π² Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ»ΡΠ΅ Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΈ, ΡΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡΡΡΠΉ ΠΈ Π±Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠΎ Π΅ΡΡΡ Π΄Π²Π΅ΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΡ. ΠΡΠΈ Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ.
ΒΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ Π΄Π»Ρ 2-Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°, Π³Π΄Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ.
ΒΠΠ»Π°Π½ 2-Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ° Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°
ΒΠ‘ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈ ΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ½Π°ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΠΉ Π±Π°Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ½ Ρ Π²Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΡ, Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π±Π°Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ½ Π² ΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅.
Β Β2. Π Π°ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠ΅Π±Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°
ΒΠΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΈΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½Π°Π³Π»ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ Π²ΡΠ³Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Π°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ½Π°ΡΠ° Π² Π²Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ΅. ΠΠΎ Π²ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΊΠ°Ρ Β«ΠΠΎΠΌΠ½Π°ΡΠ°Β», Β«ΠΡΡ Π½ΡΒ», Β«Π’ΡΠ°Π»Π΅Ρ ΠΈ Π²Π°Π½Π½Π°ΡΒ» ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π±Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°. ΠΠ°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ, Π½Π°ΠΆΠ°Π² Π²ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΊΡ Β«ΠΠΎΠΌΠ½Π°ΡΠ°Β», Π²Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π±Π΅Π»Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈ ΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ: ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ- ΠΈ Π΄Π²ΡΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ, ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ»Π°, ΡΡΡΠ»ΡΡ, Π΄ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΈ ΠΏΡ.
ΒΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π±Π΅Π»ΠΈ Π² ΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ 2-Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°
ΒΠ’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° Π΄Π»Ρ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ.
Β Β ΒΠΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΡΡ Π½ΠΈ
ΒΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π±Π΅Π»ΠΈ Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠ΅Π±Π΅Π»Ρ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΊΠ°Ρ , ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ, ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·Ρ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΡ.
Β Β3. Π Π°ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ
ΒΠΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Π° ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π±Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π°, Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΡ Π²Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ ΠΊΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ. Π‘Π΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ, Π½Π°ΠΆΠ°Π² ΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠΏΠΊΡ Β«ΠΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΒ».
ΒΠΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°
ΒΠΠ½ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΡ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Ρ Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΊ, ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ ΠΈ Π΄Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ. Π‘ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π²Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΠΆ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ° ΠΈ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±Π°ΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ.
ΒΠΠ°ΠΆΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ: Π²ΡΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΡ, Π½Π΅ Π±ΠΎΠΉΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π΄Π°ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ»Ρ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π‘ΠΠΈΠ. ΠΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈ, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΡ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ².
90000 Take The Initiative and Create Your Own Projects — Smashing Magazine 90001 90002 About The Author 90003 90004 Speider Schneider is a former member of The Usual Gang of Idiots at MAD Magazine, «among other professional embarrassments and failures.» He currently writes … More about Speider Schneider … 90005 90004 During my last job with a large corporation, people started to get laid off. Many fellow creatives came to me, as 90007 they had no idea what they would do if they were let go 90008.I had come to that small city from New York and my experience was varied and impressive to those who started their careers with this company. 90005 90010 90011 90004 Their parents had hoped for their own children to work there and eventually retire in the same homey place. They were anchored in this town that held no other industries. Like layoffs in a town that has a steel mill, there were not many options to those looking for work. 90005 90002 Further Reading on SmashingMag: 90003 90004 «You’re creative,» I would tell people before my turn came in the next to last round of layoffs (which is some comfort).»You can do so many things that are creative. If you get pushed out the door, make your own projects! » Then advise them where to go and spend the rest of the day creating a book, or painting a series for a gallery show, or create postcards, greeting cards, dolls and websites. This was usually followed by the persons to whom I was speaking to, to ask about something they obviously wanted to explore; leading to a discussion, usually joined by others as well, on how to achieve it. The dividing line is 90007 how badly does one want it? 90008 90005 90002 Take The Initiative! 90003 90004 90007 90024 90008 90005 90004 90028 Tailor (A) gives creative (B) a snappy new «power suit», SO irresistible that the client Β© hugs the suit (D) causing it to hit paddle (E), smashing expensive vase ( G) and wasting a perfectly goof head of cabbage (I).Further destruction reigns havoc (K — P), dousing all competitors with a toxic chemical (Q) 90029. Illustration by Rube Goldberg. 90005 90004 I’m a big believer in self-propelled initiatives. It’s how I make a living. Writing for Smashing Magazine is an initiative. Everything is done before Smashing ever sees it. Authors have to come up with the idea, research it for presentation, get the approval and then write it and submit it. It’s initiative. As with what you may perceive as easy to pitch an article, most initiatives are simple! 90005 90004 All of my career I’ve had people come to me to relay that they have written a book and need a cover or images for the inside so they can send it to a publisher.I tell them they do not need all that. Just send in the manuscript with a self-addressed-stamped-envelope (many publishers have digital submissions on their sites) and the publisher will choose cover designers and illustrators themselves. 90005 90004 Some people smile at the realization that their dreams were an easy step closer. Some did not believe me and insisted I design something for them (and draw, because I’m an «artsy-type!»). I look over the pages and tell them it’s an idea that should not be «set aside lightly».They smile and then I tell them it should be «thrown with great force» (with apologies to Dorothy Parker). Some people want it to be done for them. Maybe it’s the prompting of a contest or a «might-as-well-take-it» project. 90005 90004 Would you rather be working on a low-paying project that is screwing you up at every turn or invest in yourself with the time put towards your dream project? It’s not hard coming up with an idea and creating the images, code or what-have-you. 90007 The difficult part is making yourself do it 90008 and then selling it and that’s where most people fail.90005 90004 One of my recent favorite self-initiative stories was about an injured creative with time on his hands and a need for income. Dave is a designer at the Iconfactory and responsible for the ultimate Twitter icon Ollie the Twitterrific bird; he had broke his foot while playing soccer over the Fourth of July. That meant that the poor guy was relegated to staying off his feet at home. Rather than wallow in self-pity, he decided to use the opportunity to keep himself from going completely 90028 Rear Window 90029 and offer up his design skills to the large Web community — and successfully so! 90005 90004 Self-initiative is not easy for most people.Working for someone else provides a regular paycheck, security, after a fashion, and someone telling you what to do. No self-motivational projects needed. As one person commented on a past article on crowdsourcing, 90005 90047 «I recently participated in the LG» Design the Future «contest (yeah, I did not win) … but rarely do I get the chance to design a cell phone like product … it was a great exercise in creativity and it really let me flex my muscle … and they had some substantial cash prices (first prize was $ 20,000) … I feel like competitions like that are great for the industry.The rules were pretty relaxed and it really let people go hog wild and show off what they can do. Too often you’re 90028 forced to roll with the clients vision 90029. It’s great to have a contest that let’s you be 90028 you 90029. » 90052 90004 As I was arguing the pros and cons of crowdsourcing in that article, I just had to reply for his edification: 90005 90047 «I understand your point, but let me play devil’s advocate and explore another option. So you submitted something you really enjoyed designing and it stretched your creativity.You loved your final submission. You did not win and the client, I assume, owns it anyway. 90007 What if you had designed it but not submitted it and then sought out companies that might purchase the rights to the design? 90008 You would have taken a cue to create your own initiative and owned the product rights. » 90052 90004 Was the prize worth giving away all rights to the winner? What would the client have paid a design firm or freelancer to do the work? I’m guessing that the prize cost was considerably less than the one that would have run the company.So, who was the real winner? Which avenue held a better chance for him? The odds of him winning the contest and giving up the idea anyway without winning, or the odds of him being able to sell the design on the open market, or maybe not, but owning it to try again? I can not say. 90005 90004 Persistence in selling the idea and protecting it can be daunting. Even though, sometimes even an e-mail comes back right away that says, «I love it!» … and a check eventually arrives. (90028 Note: you should not participate in such speculative design work as a professional in the first place and here is why — Smashing Editorial 90029) 90005 90002 What Will Get You Started? 90003 90004 90068 90005 90004 90028 A tidal wave of ideas or bills (A) will motivate another creative nearby to foolishly open an umbrella (E) in a lame attempt to hold back the flood, causing what looks like a giant earring (H) to fall and pull the hammer (J) so it strikes a piece of metal (K), waking up the baby (L) who must be rocked to sleep (N) by a trained and poorly-paid dog (M), causing the attached backscratcher (O) to tear at your flesh until you decide it’s better to get off your rear and do something 90029.Illustration by Rube Goldberg. 90005 90004 Your idea. Your dream. 90007 No one will do it for you. 90008 Even if you have to work at something non-creative — use the money to live, but make your dream the priority. Crappy job gets in the way of your dream? Find another crappy job! They’re everywhere and except for the slaughterhouse idea, they will not drain your creativity. Have the idea? Now set your plan. Just like your previous boss who had always made projects go around and around, it’s finally time to make your 90028 own 90029 plan, knowing it will work better, and make it happen! 90005 90004 First, 90007 research who your customer is 90008.Using Web sources or going to stores are the best way to find out some helpful examples of consumer habits (yes, marketing people never leave the office, they rely too much on figures supplied to them). See what people are buying and talk to them. I used to go to stores that carried products made by the company for which I worked for, and watched what people bought or did not and asked them why. 90005 90004 I would smile as I approached them, excuse myself and explain what I was working on and gathered their opinions.This is probably why my products sometimes sold very well. Know your consumer base! 90005 90004 Also, 90007 figure out costs and how you will cover them 90008. You may need a loan or investors. What website and functionality will you need? Packaging, having stock, shipping, advertising, taxes? Is your dream project for you to start a business or do you want someone else to produce it? If you are producing it yourself, you can get a business loan, but you are about to take many, many risks. Get legal and financial advice next.It’s well worth the money and will give you the final tally of whether or not this will be your dream or nightmare. 90005 90004 If you are creating something to pitch to a company for their purchase or licensing a property (certain photos for calendars and cards, for instance), there are a similar but different set of rules. 90005 90004 90007 Start with the idea and marketing, 90008 create a style guide and / or presentation. A friend of mine wanted to publish a graphic novel for a pitch for a property she was trying to sell but could not afford upfront fees for an artist and writer and printer, so I told her to use a WordPress blog to post her promotional material that she already had and that would give her a great presentation — the easy way.90005 90004 Research which company you think would want to take on the project. Again, go online or to a store and look around. Want to really impress potential clients? Ask the store’s permission to set everything up; take videos of shoppers and their answers. What better way to produce proof of a need and then give clients the means to fulfill it !? Let your imagination run wild! As with the man who was so excited by the contest he entered, stretch yourself creatively. 90005 90004 Found the perfect prospect? Do your research and find the people you need to reach.There are many business networking sites. Search the company and find people and their titles. Get addresses and phone numbers. Call the receptionist and ask her / him who is the head of marketing or if they have an R & D contact person. If they do not know, ask to speak to the secretary of the VP of marketing. Maybe she / he can get you closer. Also, use your network. Do any of your contacts know someone you are trying to reach? 90005 90004 Sounds difficult? It is not really; just keep in mind that it takes a lot of persistence, patience, as well as a good sense of humor.Once you lost one of those, you will not make it. 90005 90002 A Non-Disclosure Agreement Is Standard 90003 90004 90007 90106 90008 90005 90004 90028 While feeding yourself (A), the spoon pulls the string (B), flipping a piece of drilled iron into the head of a parrot (E), who is knocked unconscious and knocks it’s beak into a bowl (G) which spills parrot food into a bucket (H) that sets of fireworks (K) inside your house with a razor sharp sickle (L) attached to it, cutting the string (M ) and forcing you to remember the paperwork to enforce your rights by smacking you in the face with a contract repeatedly! 90029 Illustration by Rube Goldberg.90005 90004 It’s standard to either have your own Non-Disclosure Agreement or pick up a copy of Tad Crawford’s book on contracts and forms. Bigger companies will insist on using their own. Bigger corporations, to their own detriment, usually have no access point for outside ideas. They are afraid your idea may be something they are working on and they will be sued down the line. Middle-sized companies will just tell you they happen to be working on the same idea. Document your contacts and submissions 90028 well 90029.90005 90004 I was recently told over a dozen product designs would not be used. 90007 I later heard the products were available in every catalog world-wide. 90008 Did they think my price would go up if I found out how well the work did? You bet it will! Keep your expectations high (expect the middle to low high) when negotiating. A recent question came in from an artist in Mexico who ran across a sleazy representative in the United States who was basically ripping her off for one of her licensed characters.She had jumped at the chance because it was her first time working in a licensing arrangement. I hope she followed my advice. 90005 90004 As with any business transaction … think! Anyone who rushes your decision is up to something. Do your research and see what you find. 90005 90002 Bless The Web And All Who Surf It! 90003 90004 90007 90127 90008 90005 90004 90028 Extended and dangerous hook (A) catches old fashion sign (B), causing electrical shorts that start a fire and the boot to swing back, kicking the football Β© over the goal post (D) and into a colander (E) which tips the watering can (G) to soak the creative’s back, pants and shoes, which will lead to misunderstandings and new nicknames.The string (I) pulls open the cage (J) allowing the bird (K) to go to eat the worm (M), as the bird had been starved in retaliation for all the Twitter fails, causing the shade to be pulled down ( N), which reminds the creative to mail that proposal in his pocket. Using theiWeb only takes half the steps. 90029 Illustration by Rube Goldberg. 90005 90004 The Web holds a billion of possibilities. As I mentioned about my friend who built a blog, rather then going through the costs of print, you can hardly lose with a great idea and the ability to bring it to life on the Web.With e-commerce made so easy, how can you not have a site that sells something? At least most of the people I know have a Cafepress or Zazzle «shop». 90005 90004 When I first started with web design, back in the days when processors ran on mud and sticks … and fire, which was new, I put up sites for my infamous chili recipe, one for each of my kids, a site for toy collectors, and it went on. Why? 90007 The Web was young and there were probably only 73 sites live and forty of them were mine! 90008 90005 90004 Use your down time.Partner with friends and split the rewards. Ever hear of a group of social outcasts who got together and created something called «The Onion?» No? I have not either, but I do hear good things and that they crawled their way up to be, I believe, the number one humor site in the world. It must have started with an idea and someone’s dream. 90005 90004 90028 (ik) (vf) 90029 90005.90000 How to Create Your Own Ransomware Virus Β»Tell Me How 90001 90002 The malware will run in background. You can see what is going on commenting the HIDDEN line on Makefile before build 90003 90002 By default, the server will listen on 90005 https: // localhost: 8080 90006. The client will use this host as the default url too. 90003 90002 You can put the server on any domain and start it. Simply overwrite the 90005 SERVER_HOST 90006 and 90005 SERVER_PORT 90006 on Makefile before build and the malware will try to connect with this url instead 90003 90002 After build, a binary called 90005 ransomware.exe 90006, 90005 server 90006/90005 server.exe 90006 and 90005 unlocker.exe 90006 will be generated on the bin folder. The execution of 90005 ransomware.exe 90006 and 90005 unlocker.exe 90006 (even if it is compiled for linux / darwin) is locked to windows machines only. 90003 90002 Feel free to edit the parameters across the files for testing. The most important parameters are defined in 90005 cmd / common.go 90006 and 90005 Makefile 90006. 90003 90002 Put the binaries on a correct windows test environment and start the server.It will wait for the malware contact and persist the id / encryption keys 90003 90002 When double click on 90005 ransomware.exe 90006 it will run in background by default, walking interesting directories and encrypting all files that match the interesting file extensions using AES-256-CTR and a random IV for each file, recreating then with encrypted content and a custom extension (.encrypted by default) and create a READ_TO_DECRYPT.html and FILES_ENCRYPTED.html files on desktop. 90003 90002 90041 You must know: 90042 Must to Know Things About CryptoCurrency 90003 90002 In theory, to decrypt your files you need to send an amount of BTC to the attacker’s wallet, followed by a contact sending your ID (located on the file created on desktop).If your payment was confirmed, the attacker possibly (or maybe not) will return your encryption key and the 90005 unlocker.exe 90006 and you can use then to recover your files. This exchange can be accomplished in several ways and WILL NOT be implemented in this project for obvious reasons. 90003 90002 Let’s suppose you get your encryption key back, you can retrieve it pointing to the following url: 90003 90050 curl -k https: // localhost: 8080 / api / keys /: id 90051 90002 Where 90005: id 90006 is your identification stored in the file on desktop.After, run the 90005 unlocker.exe 90006 by double click and follow the instructions. 90003 90002 90003 90002 90003 90002 That’s it, got your files back? 90003.90000 How to Build Your Own Project Management Software in 6 Steps 90001 90002 In 2019 and 2020 ΡΠΎΠΊΡ, managing projects is an activity aimed at reaching clear business goals with regard to the scope of work, resources, time, quality, and risks. To process and analyze large volumes of project’s data managers use specialized software. Usually, this software is designed as a multi-user platform that helps track progress, implementation, and accomplishment of tasks or projects. In this article, we will uncover the aspects to consider when planning to build project management software.Before proceeding to this topic it is desirable to consider how you can benefit from the specialized software. 90003 90004 What Are the Benefits of Using Company Task Management Software? 90005 90002 Whatever your type of organization is, a small, medium, or large enterprise, PM tools address a lot of problems. Here is how you can benefit from using such solutions: 90003 90008 90009 90010 Collaboration in real time. 90011 All team members can focus on their own tasks whereas project managers can keep track of multiple tasks or projects.90012 90009 90010 Cost control. 90011 One of the major objectives of PMs is to control and mitigate expenses. Specialized software ensures accurate estimations and cost projection. 90012 90009 90010 Documents sharing. 90011 Team members and project managers are able to share project papers and work on those simultaneously. 90012 90009 90010 Monitoring. 90011 Obviously, monitoring is one of the prime objectives of PM tools. With the help of the software, you are able to monitor the workflow, progress on all stages of work, and provide forecasts on the time when the project will be accomplished.90012 90009 90010 Decision making. 90011 Specialized built-in analytics instruments help make data-driven decisions and analyze the results. 90012 90009 90010 Risks identification. 90011 With proper tools, you will be able to identify what projects are in danger or face the risks of failure and pay due attention to those projects on time. 90012 90009 90010 Customer satisfaction. 90011 The implementation of project management software allows building stronger relationships with customers.PM tools help deliver projects on time and under budget. 90012 90009 90010 Prioritizing. 90011 Determining what is important can be a daunting task for any executive. By building project management software, you will be able to determine top priorities for your company or project and pay attention to the things that make a difference. 90012 90041 90002 Any project has its life cycle which is typically divided into the following stages: 90003 90044 90009 90046 Initiating and starting the project 90047 90012 90009 90046 Organizing and preparing 90047 90012 90009 90046 Carrying out the work 90047 90012 90009 90046 Completing the project 90047 90012 90061 90002 A four-phase project life cycle helps you focus on what needs to be done at particular points in a project, phase, sub-phase, work package, etc.90003 90002 At any starting phase, you should define the objectives and what is needed to achieve those objectives. With the help of project management applications, you will be able to answer the following questions: 90003 90008 90009 90046 What are the main objectives of the project? 90047 90012 90009 90046 What is your business case? What problems will the app address? 90047 90012 90009 90046 Who is going to manage the work? 90047 90012 90009 90046 Who is going to do the work? 90047 90012 90041 90002 You should document the answers to these questions using your software so that they are available to all team members.These answers will serve as a basis for discussion and SRS documentation writing. 90003 90002 Depending on the scope of the work and requirements of the business, all of those points could be covered in a couple of pages. The important thing is that the task manager lays out an argument that is well-defended and needs no additional input to be convincing. 90003 90002 The toolbox used by PMs to plan their work includes network diagrams, critical path method, program evaluation and review technique, gantt chart, work breakdown structure, project documentation.90003 90002 To show in details how PM tools work let’s review a popular tool called Basecamp. This communication software organizes the assignments of all team members in the same place so that everyone knows what is currently going on. The tool allows spending less time for face-to-face or stand-up meetings. 90003 90002 According to the statistics published, basecamp.com, 3,677 companies signed up for the services provided by Basecamp. The company describes its main goal as a struggle against chaos in the workspace.We all have ever faced the problems with emails, files, chats scattered across and hard to find. Basecamp promises to solve the issues and make the entire workflow clear, neat, and organized. In 2019, the Basecamp apps are available on Android and iOS, web, PC, and Mac. 90003 90004 A Comprehensive Basecamp Features List 90005 90002 We use Basecamp here as an example to demonstrate what features your own project management software may include. Below is a comprehensive list of features offered by Basecamp: 90003 90008 90009 90010 To-do lists.90011 Make lists of tasks, assign them to others, and track the progress. You are also able to attach necessary files, notes, and comments to the lists. 90012 90009 90010 Message boards. 90011 Have you ever been at a total loss while searching for the needed email? Basecamp software offers message boards where you can organize the entire conversation about the project in a single place. By the way, you will be able to embed files or images into your discussion. These files can be easily shared with selected individuals or everyone.90012 90009 90010 Schedules. 90011 Every task and work to be done include a schedule allocated in Basecamp. You can add tasks, meetings, and other events with other details including dates, times, people, changes, etc. 90012 90009 90010 Documents. 90011 Keep all helpful papers in one place accessible to every member of your team. You can link your Google docs and discuss them with your colleagues. 90012 90009 90010 Chats. 90011 Have a separate chat group for your projects. You will be able to mention people, share docs and images with them, send quick questions and get quick responses.90012 90009 90010 Check-in questions. 90011 Use check-in threads instead of status meetings. Communicate with your team on a regular basis at the time that is convenient for all. 90012 90009 90010 Customers access. 90011 Every data in Basecamp is private until you want to share it. Your clients will know what is going on and will be able to share their ideas and requirements. 90012 90009 90010 Hill charts. 90011 See the entire history of the project with the help of Hill charts. They show the dynamics and demonstrate the updates.90012 90009 90010 Pings. 90011 Have a private chat with your colleagues at any time you want. 90012 90009 90010 Forward emails. 90011 Send important emails to your coworkers to discuss them. Reply to emails when you are ready with the answer. 90012 90009 90010 Reports. 90011 Get valuable reports on every single project in your company. You will know what is due and what is overdue, what tasks are in progress and what has been already completed, etc. 90012 90009 90010 Notifications. 90011 Get notified by email at the desired time.Disable notifications if you do not want to be disturbed. 90012 90009 90010 Search. 90011 Search by person or keyword directly in Basecamp. 90012 90041 90002 Now you see something of what PM tool has to put up with. You learned of a bunch of functions offered by communication software however, this list can be extended greatly. A lot of software providers offer custom-designed tools like Basecamp which is very convenient if you want to get only those features and options that are required by your business goals and employees.90003 90004 What to Consider if You Want to Build Your Own Project Management Software 90005 90002 If you have to pick up or build your own project management software like Basecamp by 2020 ΡΠΎΠΊΡ, you should consider the following features as well: 90003 90158 Projects and Tasks 90159 90002 Every project may contain an unlimited number of tasks collected into milestones. You should be able to discuss these tasks, get the updated and changes via email or RSS. 90003 90158 Companies and Contacts 90159 90002 It is very convenient to have all the contacts in one place, grouped by companies.90003 90158 Wiki Boards 90159 90002 This type of boards helps create a shared clear project documentation, FAQ, requirements for the projects, etc. 90003 90158 Messenger 90159 90002 In-built messenger is a perfect place to share images and files required for work. It must allow communicating in groups or in person. 90003 90158 Time Tracking 90159 90002 It’s quite important to track the time of a single task as well as of the entire project. You should be able to see what every team member does and how much time he spends.90003 90158 Billing 90159 90002 Create invoices for payment based on incoming data and the engagement model chosen by your clients. 90003 90158 Pricing 90159 90002 Craft pricing strategies according to your customers ‘requirements, needs, and goals. 90003 90004 How to Choose Apps Like Basecamp? 90005 90002 It is obvious that it is footless to choose an app by the number of available features. There is a chance that you will choose a giant app with a bunch of functionalities but with a non-usable interface.First off, you should pay attention to the usability of the platform, how easy it is to learn how to use it, etc. It is recommended by some experts to use the following platforms according to your goals: 90003 90044 90009 90010 Web systems for project management 90011 90194: 90195 Teamwork Project Manager, Worksection, Basecamp. 90012 90009 90010 PM systems based on your own hosting 90011 90194: 90195 activeCollab. 90012 90009 90010 Building project management software: 90011 customized or custom-designed software is the best way to solve your PM problems.90012 90061 90002 Need a personal project? 90003 90002 We can easily develop it. 90003 Contact us 90002 If you search for a long project management software list you can google and find relevant results but is it worth looking through these listings? Are there any alternatives? 90003 90002 It takes a lot of time to build a project management app. You have to remember this and calculate the costs. But if you do make up your mind to create the app that fits your needs, follow these clear steps suitable for 2019 and 2020: 90003 90158 Step 1 90159 90002 Define if your company has a workflow.Do your employees do repeatable actions every day? Analyze all business processes you have and organize them on a single page. You will see what activities are repeatable, orchestrated, etc. This will help you identify what features your future project management application should have. 90003 90158 Step 2 90159 90002 According to your workflow and in-depth business analysis, write a list of features you would like to see in your app. Ask your employees what additional features will be useful for them.The list will serve as a basis for an SRS documentation. 90003 90158 Step 3 90159 90002 Build a development team or find a software development vendor. If you work in the e-commerce industry, for example, and have nothing to do with software engineering, it’s better to outsource development to professionals. 90003 90158 Step 4 90159 90002 Get your SRS written by a professional technical writer to have clear requirements on paper. Provide a written document to your vendor in order to get accurate estimations.90003 90158 Step 5 90159 90002 Choose an engagement model for payment. Most vendors offer time-and-material, fixed budget, or hourly rates. Depending on the scope of the project, choose the one that is best suited to you. 90003 90158 Step 6 90159 90002 Meet your development team. Make sure you know who is responsible for the web development, design, QA and testing, project management, and implementation. Once you get acquainted with every single member of your team, you will be able to communicate with them and get reports on the work progress.90003 90004 Outsourcing Project Management 90005 90002 The proper software is not the only thing affecting the productivity of your PM processes. In some cases, you will benefit from outsourcing PM activities and tasks to professionals. Below are the key reasons to think long and hard about outsourcing: 90003 90002 Lack of PM experience. It may happen that your staff does not have enough experience to undertake PM responsibilities. When searching for PM specialists, take their specialization into account.For example, if you work in a construction company, you will surely need a project or a task manager with engineering skills plus a reliable construction management software. By the way, hiring new employees can be unprofitable in case your project is temporary. It is better to find a reliable BPO provider to save costs. 90003 90246 90002 Choosing the right vendor is a challenging task. Here are some tips! How Scrum Tools and Time Tracking Help Keeping Outsourced Teams Productive 90003 90249 90004 How Diceus Can Help You 90005 90002 You have read this article because you wanted to know how to build project management software, have not you? Hope that you got the answers to your questions.However, we would like to tell you how our team can help you deal with your PM issues. 90003 90002 In which cases may you contact us in 2019? 90003 90008 90009 You need 90010 recommendations on choosing the right PM tools 90011 similar to Basecamp, given by experts in the domain. 90012 90009 You want to 90010 build management software 90011 based on your company’s needs. 90012 90009 Your existing PM 90010 software needs to be optimized, customized, or modified 90011. 90012 90009 You want to 90010 outsource or delegate your PM tasks 90011 to a qualified individual.90012 90009 You would like to 90010 get professional PM 90011 90010 consulting services 90011. 90012 90041 90002 In case you do not see your reason among those we mentioned above, feel free to contact our specialists. 90003 90002 Want to build a custom project management app? 90003 90002 We can help in this case, too. 90003 Contact us.90000 How to Start Your Own Machine Learning Projects | by Daniel Bourke 90001 90002 Dave started speaking. 90003 90002 The test results came back. Wylder’s deaf. 90003 90002 Completely? 90003 90002 Yeah well, he did not register anything on the hearing scale, even when they were playing a noise as loud as a jet taking off in his ears. 90003 90002 What happens next? 90003 90002 We’ve got more testing coming up, if he’s eligible he’ll be getting Cochlear Implants to assist with hearing. But they’re unsure yet.90003 90002 Dave is my best friend. Wylder is his son. He was born unable to hear. The Doctor said, «A 1 in 100,000 chance.» 90003 90002 I knew I could not do much except listen. Feeling helpless is not a good feeling. 90003 90002 A few weeks later, we were at Wylder’s Switch On. An event where he would have his Cochlear Implants switched on for the first time enabling him to hear. He’d passed all the tests and was a prime candidate for the devices. 90003 90002 When they came on the lady played three sounds.One high, one midrange and one low. She tracked Wylder’s response to each of them. «The software will build in the gaps between.» She said. 90003 90002 There would be several subsequent appointments required to get the implants working at their full capabilities but for the first time, even if only slightly, Wylder could hear. 90003 90002 The morning before the event I got up early and started the Bioinformatics Specialization on Coursera. I wanted to know more. Had to know more. What’s Bioinformatics? It’s the crossover of biology and technology.Wikipedia adds a bit more depth. 90003 90026 90002 Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary field that develops methods and software tools for understanding biological data. As an interdisciplinary field of science, bioinformatics combines biology, computer science, information engineering, mathematics and statistics to analyze and interpret biological data. 90003 90029 90002 Why Bioinformatics? I wanted to learn more about what was going on with Wylder. What’s a cochlea? What caused it? Was it a gene? Which gene? Could what I knew about programming help? 90003 90002 Why Coursera? Because it’s where the foundation of a lot of my learning has begun over the past 2-years.90003 90002 The keyword is 90035 foundation 90036. Courses and specialisations are great for this. But the real way knowledge grows is by tinkering, exploring, expanding, building upon these foundations. 90003 90002 So I built my own project. One to explore the DNA. To find the genes involved in inner ear hair cell development. What did they do? The hair cells are what translate sound waves into electric signals the brain can interpret as sound. Could I use what I’d been learning manipulating DNA with code in the Bioinformatics Specialization? Yes.90003 90002 But it turned out to be all wrong. 90003 90002 Everything I did had no biological or scientific grounding. I made a video about it and someone in the comments said so. I already knew. I put a clause at the start of the video and one in the description saying so. 90003 90002 What’s the point if it was wrong? 90003 90002 We’ll get to that. Better to start with why first. 90003 90002 When you started learning to ride a bike, you had training wheels on. You learned how to peddle, how to brake, how to move the handlebars.90003 90002 But you were missing something. The most important skill for riding a bike. Balance. 90003 90002 It was only once the training wheels came off did you learn how to balance. 90003 90002 I used the Applied Data Science with Python Specialization on Coursera to build a foundation of knowledge in data science. But I learned way more when I worked on building A Gentle Introduction to Exploratory Data Analysis. It was wrong too. People who read it did their own research and told me. So I fixed it.And then there was another error someone else found. Every error I fixed, I learned something new. Something deeper. Something I did not see before. 90003 90002 Having a foundation of knowledge is important. Knowing how to peddle, how to brake and how to steer is important for riding a bike. But learning more about these things is not going to help you when the training wheels come off. 90003 90002 It’s the same with courses. You can keep completing more courses, improving your foundation of knowledge (and you should) but do not mistake this for competency.90003 90002 Doing more courses on how to peddle better will not enable you to ride a bike. 90003 90002 Only once you take your training wheels off do you learn to ride. 90003 90002 That’s how the best projects start out. 90003 90002 When you go on a journey, it’s nice to have a compass and a map. But what if you only had to choose one? Which is more important? 90003 90002 The compass. 90003 90002 Why? 90003 90002 Because a map only has a set number of paths. A compass can be used in an unlimited number of ways.90003 90002 That’s how you can structure your own projects. Start with a direction you want to head in. A thought, an idea. That’s your compass. 90003 90002 Planning out the steps you’ll take is valuable but do not let it hold back exploration. 90003 90002 No great project ever started with someone knowing the exact path they were going to take in advance. If you already knew how it was going to work out, you’d get bored. A known future is already the past. 90003 90002 Here’s where the remixing of ideas comes in.Let’s say you’ve been learning about data science and machine learning. You’ve done some courses but now you’re looking for more. 90003 90002 It’s unlikely you’ll ever be the best at one thing. You can try but remember, competition is fierce. A better option is to be the best at the crossover. The crossover of two things, three things, four things. Not too many though, otherwise the quality will start to decline. 90003 90002 How does this relate to projects? 90003 90002 You can take the foundation of knowledge you’ve been building through courses and combine it with the research you’ve done on mental health.How can you use data to show others insights into the world of mental health? 90003 90002 If you’re a musician you can use machine learning to construct a new song out of the old recording tapes you have. 90003 90002 The examples are endless but the formula stays the same. Whatever your interests, health, art, technology, science, finance, engineering, weather, where’s the crossover? 90003 The crossover happens when you take one of your skills and pair it with another. 90002 Get something wrong on the test and it used to come back with a red cross saying 90093 you’re wrong 90094 next to it.90003 90002 School reinforces avoiding being wrong. Life encourages it. 90003 90002 This does not mean you should have the goal of being wrong. But when you’re starting on new work of your own. A project which might not work, give yourself permission to be wrong. 90003 90002 Why? 90003 90002 Because being wrong will adjust your compass. It’s a learning opportunity. Now you know where not to go. 90003 90002 My next project will be better because my last one had mistakes in it. 90003 90026 90002 I’m going to work on this for four weeks.90003 90029 90002 That’s what you could say. One hour per day for four weeks is a good amount of time. 90003 90002 You can adjust the numbers to suit your needs. But having a deadline gives you something to work towards. 90003 90002 My brother and I were at the cafe. He started speaking. 90003 90002 I’ve been looking at this course. 90003 90002 Show me. 90003 90002 He showed me. I read through it. I spoke. 90003 90002 But you’ve already done all these things? The foundations, you’ve done, the advanced data structures you’ve done, the publishing your own project, you’ve done.What are you looking to get out of it? 90003 90002 I’m not sure I think it would help to learn more. 90003 90002 How about you build a small app a month? Call it App a Month and share a story about each one. 90003 90002 Yeah you’re right, week one could be design, week two planning and prototyping, same with week three, then publish in week four. 90003 90002 His eyes were on fire with ideas. I smiled. Then spoke. 90003 90002 Now you’re thinking. 90003 90002 You may not be able to control whether your project amounts to be everything you imagine but dedicating a set amount of time and effort is something you can.90003 90002 There will always be interruptions. Life happens. When it does, take care of it and return to your project with the timeline in mind. 90003 Once you’ve picked something to work on, shut everything else out for a period of time. 90002 That’s enough. You’ll never be 100% ready. 90003 90002 You’ve picked something which might not work, you’ve used the crossover rule. You started when you were not quite ready. And you’ve stuck to your timeline. 90003 90002 Now what? 90003 90002 Ship it.Share what you’ve done. 90003 90002 Now others can critique your work, show you where you’re wrong, show you where you’re right, help you get better, that’s what you’re after, is not it? 90003 90002 The next time someone asks what you’ve been working on, you’ve got a story. 90003 90026 90002 I started working on a bioinformatics project, I did not know how it would turn out but I had an idea in mind. I wanted to see if I could combine what I’d been learning in the Bioinformatics Speciailzation on Coursera to my best friends son.He was born deaf so I looked into what genes cause hearing loss in infants. I found the ATOh2 gene. It’s responsible for triggering hair cell growth in the ear. Hair cells are what convert soundwaves to electric signals. It took me about a month of research and building but when I had something I made a video about it and published my code online. I realised none of what I’d found was biologically or scientifically sound. Someone pointed it out to me. But now I know where I’d go next. I’m hooked.90003 90029 90002 My bioinformatics project was wrong. But I learned something. I learned what to do next. 90003 90002 My Exploratory Data Analysis tutorial had errors in it. People were kind enough to point them out for me. It made it better. It made my future work better. 90003 90002 You’ve heard mine. What’s yours? 90003.