ΠΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ Π²ΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° Π² ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»Π°ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΉ, Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½Π΅Π±ΡΠ΅Π³Π°ΡΡ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°:
- ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡ Π΅ΠΌΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ° Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ± ΠΈ ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° Π²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΊ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΊΠ° Π³Π΅ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ Ρ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ.
- Π ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ΅, ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ±Π° Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΈ 50-60 ΡΠΌ, ΡΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π½Π΅Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ² ΠΊ Π²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠ΅.
- Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΈΡΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΠ³Ρ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π° Π»ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΠΊΡ. Π ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ, Π° Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΡ Π½Π° Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ Π½ΠΈ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ Π½Π΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ, Π²Π΅Π΄Ρ Π½Π΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠΉ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ 75 ΠΊΠ³, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ± ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π²ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ². ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Π»ΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»Π° Π½Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π°, ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ± Π²ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡ ΠΈ Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΊΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡΡ Π³Π΅ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°.
ΠΡ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠ»Π΅Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ Π² ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌ.
ΠΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π·Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΠ³Π»ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠΆΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»Ρ. Π Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π²ΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π±ΡΠΌΠ°Π³ΠΎΠΉ.
ΠΠΎ Π½Π΅ Π·Π°Π±ΡΠ²Π°ΠΉΡΠ΅, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π³Π°ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ±Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ Π² ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ Π²Ρ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»Π° ΠΈ ΠΎΠ½ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°. ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ, Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ Ρ ΠΠ°Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ»Π° Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π² ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Ρ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ±Π°Ρ , ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠΉΡΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΊΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»Ρ.
Π§ΡΠΎΠ±Ρ Π½Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π° Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π·Π° ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°, ΠΎΠ½ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ΅Π½ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Π»ΠΈ. Π‘ΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ². Π ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊ, Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π΅Π΅ Π² Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΊ.
ΠΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π½Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ. ΠΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΈΡΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π½Π° ΡΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π½ΠΎΠ³Π΅, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ½ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ½ΠΎ Π·Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ» Π½Π° Π΄Π²Π° ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ° Π² Π³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°.
ΠΠ°ΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ° Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π²ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠ³ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°, ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ±Π° ΠΊ ΡΠ³Π»Π°ΠΌ ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΡΡΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π΄Π°. ΠΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° Π²ΡΠ΅Π³Π΄Π° ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ ΠΊ ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠΌ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠ°ΠΌ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΈ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΌ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅.
Π Π°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡ Ρ Π²Π½ΠΈΠ·. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π² ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΈ, ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ±Ρ ΠΊ ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π΅ Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π΄ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΡΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ². Π‘ΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΡΡΡΡ Π½ΡΠΆΠ½Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ±, Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΡ Π½Π° Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π΅ ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΌΠΊΠΈ.
ΠΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ° Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΡΡ Π½ΡΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π² Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ°. ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ ΡΠΌΡΡΠ» ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π²Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΡΠ± ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ»ΠΈΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΡΡΡΡ Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π΅Π΅ ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ Π² ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ.
Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΆΡ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ², Π½ΠΎ Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΡ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ³ Ρ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½Π΅Π²Π°ΡΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΠ°Ρ ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ.
ΠΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΠΌΠΌΡ ΠΡ ΡΠ·Π½Π°Π΅ΡΠ΅ Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ Π°ΡΡ ΠΊ ΠΠ°ΠΌ ΡΡΠ°Π·Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π·Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠ°.
ΠΠ°ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ | ΠΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ° | Π¦Π΅Π½Π° |
ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΆ ΡΡ Π²Π°ΡΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ±Ρ | ΡΡ. | 25 ΡΡΠ± |
ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΆ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ± | ΠΏΠΎΠ³. ΠΌ | 180 ΡΡΠ± |
ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΆ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ±Π° | ΡΡ. | 50 ΡΡΠ± |
ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΆ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ±Π° | ΠΏΠΎΠ³. ΠΌ | 220 ΡΡΠ± |
ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΆ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΠΊΠ°Π±Π΅Π»Ρ Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ | ΠΏΠΎΠ³. ΠΌ | 350 ΡΡΠ± |
ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΆ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΎΠΊ, ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ² | ΠΏΠΎΠ³. ΠΌ | 250 ΡΡΠ± |
ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΆ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ² (ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Ρ) Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΠΉΠΊΠΎΠΉ | ΠΏΠΎΠ³. ΠΌ | 450-500 ΡΡΠ± |
ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΆ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ (ΡΡΡΠ±Ρ, ΡΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Ρ ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ) | ΠΏΠΎΠ³. ΠΌ | 250 ΡΡΠ± |
ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΆ Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ° | ΠΏΠΎΠ³. ΠΌ | 500 ΡΡΠ± |
Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΈ | ΡΡ. | 130 ΡΡΠ± |
Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΈ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌ | ΡΡ. | 200 ΡΡΠ± |
Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° Π·Π°Π³Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡ | ΡΡ. | 30 ΡΡΠ± |
Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ° | ΠΏΠΎΠ³. ΠΌ | 200 ΡΡΠ± |
Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π° ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎ 200 ΠΌΠΌ | ΠΏΠΎΠ³. ΠΌ | 250 ΡΡΠ± |
ΠΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΆ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ | ΠΏΠΎΠ³. ΠΌ | 100 ΡΡΠ± |
ΠΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΆ ΡΡ Π²Π°ΡΠΎΠ² Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ±Ρ | ΡΡ. | 25 ΡΡΠ± |
ΠΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΆ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ± | ΠΏΠΎΠ³. ΠΌ | 80 ΡΡΠ± |
ΠΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΆ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ±Π° | ΡΡ. | 30 ΡΡΠ± |
ΠΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΆ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ±Π° | ΠΏΠΎΠ³. ΠΌ | 110 ΡΡΠ± |
ΠΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΆ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΈ | ΡΡ. | 70 ΡΡΠ± |
ΠΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΆ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΈ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌ | ΡΡ. | 100 ΡΡΠ± |
Π‘Π½ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π°Π³Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΈ Ρ Π²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΈ | ΡΡ. | 30 ΡΡΠ± |
ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΡ
Π ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π²ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ Ρ ΠΊΡΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΡΠΎΡΡΠ° Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π»Π΅Π²Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠΊ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°. ΠΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½Π°, ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΆ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ.
ΠΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎ, Π²Π΅Π΄Ρ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Ρ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Π»ΠΈ. Π‘ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΡ Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Β«ΠΠ»ΡΠΏΠ‘ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Β», ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΡΡ ΠΊΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π°Π»ΡΠΏΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΡΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡ.
ΠΠ°ΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΆ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ² Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ° ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠ²Π°, ΡΠ». ΠΠ΅ΡΠ±Π½Π°Ρ, Π΄. 2 | |
ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΆ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΡΡΡΠΈ ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠ²Π°, ΡΠ». ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΡΡΠ·ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ, Π΄ 60 Ρ2 | |
ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΆ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ± ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠ²Π°, ΡΠ». ΠΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»Π° ΠΠ½ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°, Π΄. 4 ΠΊ1 |
ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΡ
ΠΡΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌ ΡΠΈΠΏ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ±
Π£Π΄Π°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ½Π΅Π³Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ Π·Π° ΡΡΡΡ Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΊΡΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊ Π²Π»Π°Π³ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Ρ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π°Π», Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Ρ ΡΡΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΡΠΈΠ±ΠΊΠ°. Π§ΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎ, ΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΆ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΡΡΡΠΈ.
Π‘Π΅ΠΉΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½Ρ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠ΅:
β Π²ΡΠ³Π»ΡΠ΄ΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ²;
β Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ½Ρ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π½Π΅.
ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ±Π° ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ±Ρ ΠΈΠ· ΠΎΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½Π΅Π΅ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅Π΅. ΠΡΠ±ΠΎΡ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³Π΄Π° ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π·Π° Π²Π»Π°Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π° ΠΌΡ Π² Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ Π³Π°ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΡ Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ.
Π‘ΡΠΎΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Π² Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΆ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ, ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π² Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ. Π’ΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ Π½Π°Π΄ΡΠΆΠ½ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΡ.
Π‘Π²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ°
Π§ΡΠΎΠ±Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΡΠ΄Π°Π»ΡΠ»Π°ΡΡ Ρ ΠΊΡΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π²Π°Π»Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ ΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΡ ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ:
β ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ² Π²ΡΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Ρ ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΡΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ΄Π°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ;
β Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΆ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ² Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½ (Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ 2β°). ΠΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Π²Π΅Π΄Ρ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ, Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΉ, Π²Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ°Π· Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΡ Π½Π° ΠΊΡΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΠ½Ρ ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ;
β ΡΡΡΠ±Π°, ΠΏΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° Ρ ΠΊΡΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ°Π΅Ρ Π²Π½ΠΈΠ·, Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Π° ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π² Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΈ ΡΠ»ΠΈΠ² Π² Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎ Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠ½Ρ Π½Π° Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ Π·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. Π’ΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π² ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ ΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ° Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Π»Π°Π³ΠΈ.
ΠΠ°ΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ Π·Π°Π±ΠΈΡΡΡΡ Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π»ΠΈΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΎΡ Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π² ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°. ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ³ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ° Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ± ΠΌΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΆΠ΅ Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ. ΠΠ°Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π»Π΅Π²Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠΊ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠ±Ρ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ.
ΠΠ°ΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°
ΠΠ°ΡΠ° Π±ΡΠΈΠ³Π°Π΄Π° Π°Π»ΡΠΏΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ² Π±ΡΡΡΡΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΆ, ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΆ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ°. ΠΠ°ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ½Π°Ρ: Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Ρ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΌΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Ρ Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΠΉΡΠ΅. ΠΠ±ΡΠ°Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ³ ΠΏΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π·Ρ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ.
ΠΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΆ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ° Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π² ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ Π² Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π»ΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ. Π‘ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Ρ Β«ΠΠ»ΡΠΏΠ‘ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Β» β ΡΡΠΎ Π³Π°ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π±Π΅Π·ΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ° Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ.
ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΡ
ΠΠ°ΡΠΈ Π°Π»ΡΠΏΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡ
Π ΡΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΎ ΠΠ²Π°Π½ Π Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Ρ Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ Ρ 2011 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° | ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΠΈΡΠΈΠ»Π» Π Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Ρ Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ Ρ 2009 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° | ΠΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΎ ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°Π½Π΄Ρ Π Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Ρ Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ Ρ 2014 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° | ΠΠ°Π»ΠΊΠΈΠ½ Π‘ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ»Π°Π² Π Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Ρ Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ Ρ 2012 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° |
ΠΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ°Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΠ½Π΄Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ, ΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π΄, ΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Π»Ρ ΠΎΡ Π½Π΅Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈ ΠΊ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠΌ. ΠΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Π°Ρ ΠΊΡΡΡΠ° ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ° Π΄ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π²ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ΄.
ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΆ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ²Β ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ·Π±Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡ Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°, ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΊΠΈ Π½Π΅ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡ ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π»Π΅ ΡΡΠ½Π΄Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°, Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³Π΄Π° Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎ ΠΈ Π°ΠΊΠΊΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎ. Π‘ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠ° Π΄Π»Ρ Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠΊ.
Β
ΠΠ°ΡΠ²ΠΊΠ° Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ° Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ²
Π¦Π΅Π½Ρ Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΆ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ²
Β
ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΆ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ² Π°ΠΊΠΊΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈ Π² ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈ
Β
Β Β Π₯ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π»Π΅ Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ° Π½Π΅ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ½Π΅Π³Π΅? ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΠΌ Π²Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΆ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ². ΠΠ½ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡΡ Π½ΡΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΡΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠ΄Π½Π° ΠΈΠ· Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ Π½Π΅ΡΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡ Π·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π½Π° Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ Ρ ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ° Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ½Π΅Π³Ρ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Ρ Π½Π΅ Π·Π°Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΊΡΡΡΠ΅, ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»ΠΈΠ² ΠΏΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ±Π°ΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π°Π΅Ρ Π·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ.ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΡ Π½Π° Π»ΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ ΠΆΠΈΠ»ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΠΆΠΈΠ»ΡΠ΅ Π·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠΌΠ° Ρ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π² Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ. ΠΠ½ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ, Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· ΠΎΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ. ΠΡΠ±ΠΎΡ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π° ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΉ, Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ· ΠΎΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ, Π° Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎ ΠΈΠ΄ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Π»ΠΈ. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ° Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π±ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ² (ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π½ΡΠ΅, ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π±ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅). ΠΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΉΠ΄ΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΒ Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Β ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΉ.
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ΠΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΆ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠΌ, Π½ΠΎ Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΠΎ-Π½ΠΈΠ±ΡΠ΄Ρ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊ, Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ ΠΠ°Ρ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡ.
ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΡ (Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ) Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ², ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ ΠΠ°ΠΌ Π½Π° Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π±Π΅Π·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠΊ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠ±Ρ. ΠΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΡ Π² Π½Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π£Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΠΎΠΌ, Π½Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Ρ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°. Π ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠΉ ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ 100% Π³Π°ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ²ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ.
Π ΠΠ°ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅Π΄ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡ Π»ΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Π»ΠΈ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°. Π‘ΡΠ°Π·Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡ, ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° ΠΈ ΠΎΠ·Π²ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΠ°ΠΌ, Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎ Π²Ρ Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡ, Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ Π½Π΅Ρ.
ΠΡ Π³Π°ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΠ°ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡ. Π’ΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Ρ Π½Π°Ρ ΠΡ ΡΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΉΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π», Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ.
Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ° ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°. ΠΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π² ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΄ΠΎ ΠΈ Π²Π°ΠΌ Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΡΡ Ρ ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠ½ΡΡΡΡΡ. ΠΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π·Π½Π°Π΅ΠΌ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ. ΠΠ²ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΌ ΠΏΡΡΠΌΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΠ°Ρ!
Π Π½Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΉ Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ², Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² (Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΊΡΡΠ³Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ) ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ², ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄Π°ΡΡ Π²Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΡ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΈΠ΄. ΠΠ°ΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° Π΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΆ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ°, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ.
ΠΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½Π° ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°. ΠΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΉ, Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΠΉ, ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ² ΠΊ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ Π»ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ, Π½Π΅ ΡΠΆΠ°Π²Π΅Π΅Ρ, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΉ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² (ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π½ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΠ³ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ) ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ Π²ΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ°Ρ .
Π Π½Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ Π²Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Ρ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΊ Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΉΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π²Π°ΠΌ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² (Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ), ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡ, ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π½Π°ΠΉΡΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΆΡ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅Π²Π° Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ².
ΠΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠ°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ: ΠΎΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ, ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π½ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ (ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ). ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ β ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅, Π½Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅, ΠΎΠ³Π½Π΅ΡΡΠΎΠΉΠΊΠΈΠ΅, Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ½Π΅Π³ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ°Ρ .
ΠΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Ρ-ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΊ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π²Π°ΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ° Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ° Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ. ΠΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ Ρ Π²Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π²Π°ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π³Π°ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° Π½Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ° Π½Π° ΠΊΡΡΡΠ΅.
Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ° ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°. ΠΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π² ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΄ΠΎ ΠΈ Π²Π°ΠΌ Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΡΡ Ρ ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠ½ΡΡΡΡΡ. ΠΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π·Π½Π°Π΅ΠΌ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ. ΠΠ²ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΌ ΠΏΡΡΠΌΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΠ°Ρ!
Π Π½Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΉ Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ², Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² (Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΊΡΡΠ³Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ) ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ², ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄Π°ΡΡ Π²Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΡ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΈΠ΄. ΠΠ°ΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° Π΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΆ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ°, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ.
ΠΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½Π° ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°. ΠΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΉ, Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΠΉ, ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ² ΠΊ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ Π»ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ, Π½Π΅ ΡΠΆΠ°Π²Π΅Π΅Ρ, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΉ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² (ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π½ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΠ³ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ) ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ Π²ΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ°Ρ .
Π Π½Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ Π²Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Ρ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΊ Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΉΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π²Π°ΠΌ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² (Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ), ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡ, ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π½Π°ΠΉΡΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΆΡ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅Π²Π° Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ².
ΠΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠ°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ: ΠΎΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ, ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π½ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ (ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ). ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ β ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅, Π½Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅, ΠΎΠ³Π½Π΅ΡΡΠΎΠΉΠΊΠΈΠ΅, Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ½Π΅Π³ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ°Ρ .
ΠΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Ρ-ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΊ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π²Π°ΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ° Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ° Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ. ΠΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ Ρ Π²Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π²Π°ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π³Π°ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° Π½Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ° Π½Π° ΠΊΡΡΡΠ΅.
90000 How Much Does a Central AC Unit Cost to Install? Modernize 90001 90002 90003 AC Installation Costs by Square Footage 90004 90005 90006 One way to calculate the average costs for a new AC unit would be by figuring the exact area of ββsquare feet you are wanting to cool for your home. Installing a central air conditioner into a 90003 2000 square ft. home with an existing forced air furnace heating system 90004 (that has all ductwork installed properly) would cost between 90003 $ 3,000 to $ 4,000.90004 90011 90012 90003 How much does it cost for an A / C Unit for a 2,000 Sq. ft Home? 90004 90005 90006 The average AC unit can cool 400 square feet of your home per 1 ton of air conditioning cooling capacity. This would produce 12,000 BTU’s per 600 square feet. You can take the 2000 sq. ft measurement and divide by 400 sq. ft of cooled area (per 1 ton AC unit cooling capacity) and calculate that you would need a 5.0 TON air conditioner. This A / C system should be able to remove 60,000 BTU’s per hour (5.0 tons x 12,000 BTU’s.) A 5.0 TON air conditioner would cost around 90003 $ 1,980 for the AC unit alone 90004 or a 90003 total installation cost of $ 3,690. See full size and cost chart below. 90004 90011 90006 Talk to Contractors 90011 90006 90011 90026 90003 AC Installation Costs by Tons 90004 90005 90030 90031 AC Unit Costs by Size — Tons 90032 90033 90034 90035 Central Air Conditioner Size 90036 90035 AC Unit BTU 90036 90035 AC Unit Only 90036 90035 90036 90043 90044 90045 90034 90047 1.5 Tons 90048 90047 18,000 BTU 90048 90047 $ 2,000 90048 90053 90043 90034 90047 2 Tons 90048 90047 24,000 BTU 90048 90047 $ 2,620 90048 90053 90043 90034 90047 2.5 Tons 90048 90047 30000 BTU 90048 90047 $ 2,895 90048 90053 90043 90034 90047 3 Tons 90048 90047 36000 BTU 90048 90047 $ 2,920 90048 90053 90043 90034 90047 3.5 Tons 90048 90047 42000 BTU 90048 90047 $ 3,550 90048 90053 90043 90034 90047 4 Tons 90048 90047 48000 BTU 90048 90047 $ 3,650 90048 90053 90043 90034 90047 5 Tons 90048 90047 60000 BTU 90048 90047 $ 3,690 90048 90053 90043 90109 90110 90111 90112 90003 AC Costs by SEER Rating 90004 90005 90030 90031 AC Unit Costs by SEER 90032 90033 90034 90035 SEER Efficiency Ratings 90036 90035 AC Unit + Installation 90036 90035 Energy Efficiency Level 90036 90043 90044 90045 90034 90047 13-14 SEER 90048 90047 $ 2,820 90048 90047 Standard Efficiency 90048 90043 90034 90047 15-16 SEER 90048 90047 $ 3,420 90048 90047 High Efficiency 90048 90043 90034 90047 17-18 SEER 90048 90047 $ 4,650 90048 90047 High Efficiency 90048 90043 90034 90047 19-21 SEER 90048 90047 $ 5,390 90048 90047 Very High Efficiency 90048 90043 90034 90047 22-24 SEER 90048 90047 $ 6,800 90048 90047 Max Efficiency 90048 90043 90109 90110 90006 Some of the best AC units will have high energy efficiency capabilities (also known as high SEER ratings) can save you a considerable amount of money on your average heating and cooling energy bill costs.However, a higher energy efficiency level may mean a higher HVAC installation cost. SEER ratings can range from the lowest point of a 13 SEER to the maximum efficiency air conditioners boasting a 24 SEER rating. The average price for a standard AC unit providing a 90003 13 to 14 SEER rating 90004 will cost around 90003 $ 2,770 for total unit installation, 90004 while a unit with a 90003 24 SEER rating will cost much more initially 90004 at around 90003 $ 6,800 for total installation 90004.See chart below for all SEER ratings and central AC costs. 90011 90111 90183 90003 Air Conditioner Unit Costs by Brand 90004 90005 90006 Each of the best AC unit brands offer different tiers of central AC units depending on the needs for your home. Air conditioner brands like 90003 Goodman, Rheem, and York 90004 all have decently priced units in the 90003 $ 2500 + range 90004. Well known brands like 90003 American Standard, Trane, and Carrier 90004 will be more in the 90003 $ 3,800 + price range 90004 and will usually have better quality products depending on your home cooling needs.You may also be interested in seeing the top furnace brands as well. See the full AC brands cost chart below. 90011 90030 90031 Central Air Conditioner Best Brands by Cost 90032 90033 90034 90035 Air Conditioner Brands: 90036 90035 Average Unit Cost: 90036 90035 SEER Rating: 90036 90043 90044 90045 90034 90047 90003 American Standard 90004 90048 90047 $ 3,656 90048 90047 16.8 90048 90043 90034 90047 90003 Carrier 90004 90048 90047 $ 3,895 90048 90047 16.8 90048 90043 90034 90047 90003 Goodman 90004 90048 90047 $ 2,488 90048 90047 15.5 90048 90043 90034 90047 90003 Trane 90004 90048 90047 $ 3,220 90048 90047 17.2 90048 90043 90034 90047 90003 Rheem 90004 90048 90047 $ 2,968 90048 90047 17.1 90048 90043 90034 90047 90003 Lennox 90004 90048 90047 $ 3,794 90048 90047 17.8 90048 90043 90034 90047 90003 York 90004 90048 90047 $ 2,354 90048 90047 16.4 90048 90043 90034 90047 90003 Ruud 90004 90048 90047 $ 3,200 90048 90047 17.1 90048 90043 90034 90047 90003 Amana 90004 90048 90047 $ 2,935 90048 90047 17.5 90048 90043 90034 90047 90003 HEIL 90004 90048 90047 $ 3,400 90048 90047 18.2 90048 90043 90109 90110 90111 90314 90003 Hidden Costs in Your Estimate 90004 90005 90006 There are also air conditioning installation costs that most likely are not included in the initial AC estimate but you may want to factor in, if applicable for your local installation prices. You also may need to consider installing a new furnace with your AC unit. These are the things you should ask the HVAC contractor about and whether or not the cost is included in the initial estimate they’re providing.Here are a few cost related questions you should have answers to: 90011 90320 90321 Will a permit be required from your local city or county building department? Will the unit also require an inspection by a representative of the building department to ensure the system is up to code? 90322 90321 If you live in an older home that has asbestos or lead paint, there may be an additional cost to test, remove, or replace the material. Ask about this. 90322 90321 Here are some additional AC installation costs you may run across associated with your air conditioning.Plumbing, electrical work, removal of an existing HVAC system, installing the air conditioner at a new location, modifying the framing or surfacing of the home for installation, or bringing any current paired systems up to code. All of these factors could be added to your total AC unit installation cost. 90322 90327 90006 90011 90111 90012 90003 Other Types of Central Air 90004 90005 90006 The size of the area you are wanting to cool will determine which type of central air conditioner you will want.Central air conditioners often are paired with an indoor furnace for a home’s heating and cooling needs. The most common types of central air units are: 90011 90320 90321 90339 Central Air Conditioners 90340: A central air conditioning unit installation connects a new AC unit to a home’s duct system to cool your home. It is often paired with a heating system such as a furnace to fully regulate your home’s cooling and heating efforts for the perfect temperature across the entire home. 90322 90321 90339 Split Air Conditioning Systems 90340: Split AC systems usually refer to a ductless air conditioner sometimes called a mini-split system.This is a dual central system that combines both an outside and inside AC unit to keep a comfortable temperature in your home. 90322 90321 90003 Heat Pump Split AC Units 90004: A ductless AC heat pump system is a type of split system AC unit that works well with hotter climates, it will pump heat out from the inside of your house to the outdoors. In cold climates, it will pump hot air into your home from outside to regulate temps. Heat pump installations are cheaper, but are best for areas without extremely cold winter climates.90322 90321 90339 AC Window Units 90340: These are the most simple central air systems and can be installed in a regular window to cool a small area of ββa home. 90322 90321 90339 Portable Air 90340 90339 Conditioners 90340: These air conditioning units are an evaporative HVAC system that can be moved around your home utilizing a split or hose system to make temperatures more comfortable. 90322 90327 90006 90011 90111 90364 90003 Evaluating AC Installation Price Quotes 90004 90005 90006 There are a quite a few factors to consider when determining what could effect the cost of a new air conditioner unit installation.90011 90370 90003 High Priced Bid Factors: 90004 90373 90320 90321 Air conditioner replacements can vary drastically in price. These disparities could be due to the type of unit-how quiet an air conditioning system is, for example. We encourage homeowners to research their desired AC system and make sure it is the best suited for their homes and needs. 90322 90327 90320 90321 Air Conditioners can also vary in total cost depending on hardware other than the main units themselves. The increasingly popular smart thermostat is often paired with a new A / C unit, which could cost as little as $ 30 or as much as $ 300.90322 90327 90320 90321 High-end air conditioning contractors will likely have more equipment and overhead, which may be seen in your price quote. 90322 90327 90320 90321 Air conditioning unit warranties will also impact your total quoted installation cost. Most AC installers offer manufacturer’s warranties that protect you from faulty unit equipment. Some might offer additional guarantees for the air conditioner installation as well, covering potential damage to your roof (if applicable.) Be sure the quoted warranty is clear in what it covers-and in what it does not. 90322 90327 90320 90321 Research and be aware of potential hidden costs- like permits and potential fines. Your quote should include a proper breakdown of how local or federal regulation applies to you and what your AC contractor will or will not do in that regard. 90322 90327 90320 90321 90320 90321 For example, if your installed air conditioner system’s Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio (SEER) rating is lower than 13, the Department of Energy might flag your contractor for selling it.90322 90327 90322 90327 90320 90321 90320 90321 An air conditioner having an average SEER rating of 16 could mean saving upward of $ 400 annually in comparison to other lower efficiency options.Expect an analysis of what your bills should look like after your air condtioner installation, and how you should expect these heating and cooling energy costs to change in upcoming years. 90322 90327 90322 90327 90370 90003 Low Priced Bid Factors: 90004 90373 90320 90321 If a contractor does not have proper insurance (or any at all), they will often provide a lower bid.This may leave the homeowner responsible for laborer injuries or damages that occur. We recommend that homeowners always select a licensed contractor for their home improvement projects. 90322 90327 90320 90321 If a contractor does not have a solid grasp of local policies or applicable local, regional, and federal incentives-like the ones found at the Database of State Incentives for Renewables and Efficiency, they may leave that to you and subsequently lower their fees since they have less paperwork to worry about.While a contractor may charge you for help navigating the bureaucracy of air conditioning regulation, a good contractor will assure your energy compliance in your area and maximize your return on investment utilizing expertise you may lack. 90322 90327 90006 For any bid you receive you should always double check your final AC installation quotes for possible price errors. While it’s rare, errors can happen when trying to determine your full installation costs. Communicate any and all questions and concerns with your air conditioning installer before signing off on any contracts.90011 90006 For a full list of price evaluation tips see our full list from our homeowner’s guide to evaluating your HVAC price quotes. 90011.90000 Tarmac Cost & Tarmac Driveway Price Guide [Updated 2020] 90001 90002 Tarmac is one of the most affordable materials you can use as a driveway surface, it lasts for decades, looks traditional and is a very popular choice with UK homeowners. 90003 90002 But how much does a tarmac driveway cost in the UK in 2020? 90003 90002 We are tradespeople ourselves and have many years of experience in the home improvement and construction industries. 90003 90002 We know exactly how much driveway installers are charging customers for a new tarmac driveway, so explore our recently updated price guide.90003 90002 90011 90003 90002 Tarmac is one of four options you can consider when thinking about a new driveway. 90003 90002 Here are the other three: 90003 90002 (check these pages out to see how much each one costs) 90003 90019 90020 Block Paving — this is a popular option and there are many reasons why so many people prefer this material to any other. Check out our knowledge base and block paving price guide here. 90021 90020 Pattern Concrete — not to everyone’s tastes and we do not like it but it does have benefits; weeds will never grow through this material, meaning it’s very low maintenance.It’s cheaper than block paving but more expensive than tarmac. See how much Pattern Imprinted Concrete costs here. 90021 90020 Stones or Gravel — Visually appealing and traditional but leaves, twigs and dirt can reduce the long-term aesthetic appeal. Also, can stones be used on steep driveways without the stones washing into the road? Explore our gravel price guide here. 90021 90026 90027 How Does This Site Work? 90028 90002 If you are a first time visitor to our site then we hope you find our tarmac driveway cost guide helpful.90003 90002 We also ask our visitors how much they think a new driveway will cost, we ask for details about prices supplied by driveway installers to consumers, we publish our own prices and we can point you in the right direction should you want a fully customised quote from a local driveway installer. 90003 90002 In a hurry? Get a custom quote here, otherwise continue reading to see how much a tarmac driveway costs. 90003 90027 Our Tarmac Pricing Poll (Optional) 90028 90002 Our site’s visitors tell us they really like our polls and feedback sections and find them insightful.90003 90002 This poll has received over 27,000 responses. 90003 90002 Answer the question or jump straight to the results. 90003 90043 What’s Included in the Price Below? 90044 90002 We have provided two price examples for you to consider. 90003 90002 The first is for a new driveway including a new base. 90003 90002 The second figure is for an overlay. As the name suggests, an overlay means leaving the existing base in place. 90003 90002 More about overlays later. 90003 90002 Our prices for a complete replacement tarmac driveway include all of this: 90003 90055 90020 Site survey, including locating all services (gas water etc) 90021 90020 Full dig out and removal of waste 90021 90020 Drainage channel installed and connected to new soakaway 90021 90020 Compact ground and lay weed prevention felt 90021 90020 Lay a type 1 base and compact to between 150-175mm thickness 90021 90020 Install new edging stones, cemented in place 90021 90020 Lay and roll binding layer of course tarmac 90021 90020 Lay and roll top finishing layer of fine tarmac 90021 90072 90043 Cost Guide For a Tarmac Driveway: 90044 90002 The table below shows an approximate price guide for tarmacking a driveway to the specifications above: 90003 90077 Get a Quote Online 90027 Representative Example — 40 Sq Mtr Tarmac Driveway (inc base) 90028 90002 Waste disposal — Β£ 400.00 90003 90002 Weed membrane / felt — Β£ 30.00 90003 90002 12 tonnes of type 1 MOT for sub base — Β£ 290.00 90003 90002 Tarmac both binder and top layer — Β£ 650.00 90003 90002 Drainage channels, pipe and soakaway — Β£ 250.00 90003 90002 Drain covers and edgings — none required 90003 90002 Equipment hire — none, assume contractors have their own diggers and rollers 90003 90002 Labour, includes employer NI contributions — Β£ 550.00 90003 90002 Net profit Β£ 450.00 90003 90002 VAT Β£ 524.00 90003 90002 90101 Total Cost — Β£ 3140.00 90102 90077 90104 90003 90027 What About an Overlay? 90028 90002 An overlay is where a layer of tarmac is placed on top of an existing driveway, usually an older tarmac driveway that is structurally sound but is perhaps looking a little tired. 90003 90002 This technique is only a realistic option if the following apply: 90003 90055 90020 The extra layer will not breach the damp course or wall vents on the house. 90021 90020 The base under the existing driveway has not sunk or dipped too much.90021 90020 The base does not have any deep cracks — these will continue to grow and will transfer through to the new tarmac surface. 90021 90020 Any isolated potholes are first repaired to a depth of at least 300mm. 90021 90072 90002 Tarmac overlays are quicker to install and obviously much cheaper, you do not need to lay any base, sub-base or binding course. Minor repairs are carried out first, then a primer is spray applied before a 30-40mm layer of fine tarmac is laid and rolled. 90003 90002 Not every driveway is suitable for an overlay, that’s why it’s so important you get a professional to inspect it first.90003 90027 Overlay Price: 90028 90002 The table below is for both 40 and 100 square metre driveways that will be overlaid: 90003 90002 The overlay price does not include any cost for drainage or additional work, just to prime the existing driveway and lay down 35mm of surface layer. 90003 90027 VAT — Does Everyone Pay it? 90028 90002 The price examples on this page include VAT at 20% but not all businesses have to charge this tax. 90003 90002 Smaller businesses that have a turnover below the VAT threshold are not obliged to register for or charge VAT on their labour and profit margins.90003 90002 Do bear this in mind as you can make a substantial saving by choosing a small business that does not need to register for VAT 90003 90002 Check out our VAT page for more guidance. 90003 90027 Are There Any Other Ways to Save Money? 90028 90002 Overlaying an existing driveway is a great way to save money but if the existing driveway is sound enough and will not sag or transfer cracks into the new tarmac. 90003 90002 The thickness of the layers, both the base and the tarmac also affects the price but there’s little point in trying to save money by laying a thinner driveway.90003 90002 Be wary of tarmac layers that offer below-average prices, there’s almost always a catch. 90003 90027 What About Colours? 90028 90002 The tarmac prices on this page are for black tarmac only. 90003 90002 Red tarmac is also popular but can cost considerably more than black. 90003 90002 Other colours are available but the cost is usually through the roof, especially for a small area such as a driveway, so we have not priced for these options. 90003 90002 The reason why red and other colours are so expensive is that the manufacturer will not be producing these variants in large numbers and will probably need to restart the production line just for you.90003 90002 That’s not a problem if you’re laying coloured tarmac to a very large area like a road on a new housing development, but for a small domestic driveway, expect it to cost a small fortune. 90003 90027 Cost Breakdown 90028 90002 90165 The chart above shows where the money for a new tarmac driveway goes. We assume that the waste material is either taken away by skips or by grab lorry. 90003 90027 What About Planning Permission and Regulations? 90028 90002 Did you know that in 2008 the government introduced new rules regarding driveways? 90003 90002 With our help, there is no need to worry: 90003 90002 We have created a simple and easy-to-read guide to these new driveway regulations.90003 90002 Do not fall foul of the new rules — explore our two-minute driveway guide here. 90003 90027 What Prices Have You Been Given For a New Driveway? 90028 90002 This is your chance to let other visitors to our site know how much you’ve been quoted for a new driveway. 90003 90002 You can also see what others are being charged. 90003 90002 Our site’s visitors have told us they really like this section as it provides an insight into what others are being charged for a new tarmac driveway in various places around the UK.90003 90185 90186 90187 90188 Name: 90189 90188 Desc: 90189 90188 Price: 90189 90194 90195 90196 90187 90198 Mrs Paige (South London) 90199 90198 Driveway for three cars. New tarmac. (2020) 90199 90198 Β£ 3900 90199 90194 90187 90198 Clara (unknown) 90199 90198 Old stone driveway removed and replaced with tarmac with white speckles. raised edges. 10m long and 4m wide roughly (2020) 90199 90198 Β£ 5600 90199 90194 90187 90198 mr angel (newcastle) 90199 90198 tarmac topup over original four-car driveway that was looking tired but otherwise in good condition (2020) 90199 90198 Β£ 2300 90199 90194 90187 90198 Kalpesh (Essex) 90199 90198 Concrete imprint driveway 48m2 @ Β£ 100 per m2.Agreed the price @ Β£ 4,500. Was expecting between Β£ 4,000 and Β£ 4,500. (2019) 90199 90198 Β£ 4500 90199 90194 90187 90198 Adam Lawrence (Newport) 90199 90198 237M2 of Printed Concrete. 6 car drive at the front of the house with a 2.5m strip running 35m to the garage at the rear. Just completed in printed concrete. (2019) 90199 90198 Β£ 13000 90199 90194 90187 90198 Cindy (Gateshead) 90199 90198 117 square meters stamped concrete (2019) 90199 90198 Β£ 7000 90199 90194 90187 90198 SLI Driveways (Dudley) 90199 90198 In our are which is Dudley West Midlands (includes Birmingham, Walsall, Wolverhampton, Halesowen) Block paving is anything from Β£ 45.00 m2 by bodgit and scarperand upto and beyond Β£ 120.00 m2 by reputable companies like ourselves. The upper price includes all excavation work, removal of spoil, supply, lay and compaction of hardcore, supply and screed sand and lay blocks. All work should always come with a no quibble guarantee of at least 5 years. (2019) 90199 90198 Β£ 120 per m2 inc VAT 90199 90194 90187 90198 Ann Haywood (Nuneaton Warwickshire) 90199 90198 WANT TARMAC DRIVE. STONED DRIVE AT PRESENT. DRIVE IS ROUGHLY 25 X 22 METERS (2019) 90199 90198 Β£ 5000 90199 90194 90187 90198 Joshua (Plymouth) 90199 90198 Gravel drive way 4.8 x 2.4 including removal of wall (2017) 90199 90198 Β£ 5605 90199 90194 90187 90198 Kevin (W London) 90199 90198 Small driveway for just two cars (blocks) (2017) 90199 90198 Β£ 3250 90199 90194 90187 90198 Mike (Sunbury) 90199 90198 Tarmac to driveway for three cars (2017) 90199 90198 Β£ 2750 90199 90194 90187 90198 Kelly Kitson (Midlands) 90199 90198 Tarmac driveway (2017) 90199 90198 Β£ 2000 90199 90194 90187 90198 Daniel West (Poole) 90199 90198 Gravel driveway including new drainage soakway (2017) 90199 90198 Β£ 2250 90199 90194 90187 90198 Derick (S East) 90199 90198 Block pavers including drain channel and edges.95 square metres (2017) 90199 90198 Β£ 12500 90199 90194 90187 90198 [redacted] (Somerset) 90199 90198 Your prices are too low. At [redacted] we charge around Β£ 120 per sq mtr for large block paving driveways all inclusive. Sure, you can get the work done cheaper with poor quality materials but why would you wnat to choose the cheapest? You get what you pay for, also how long s a peice of string? Every job is different, that’s why driveway installers like do not like publishing our prices online not because we have anything to hide.(2017) 90199 90198 Β£ 120 per sq mtr for a typical project 90199 90194 90317 90318 90002 We invite and encourage you to add your own prices by filling out this form (no email required). 90003 90027 Ideas and Inspiration 90028 90002 We often rant and rave about Pinterest and regular visitors to our site will know how much we love this site. 90003 90002 It’s a great place to get interior and exterior design ideas. 90003 90002 Even for driveways and patios, you’ll find tons of beautiful images, so if you are in need of a little inspiration, you could start with these two pages: 90003 90002 25+ driveway ideas on Pinterest 90003 90002 Driveway lighting ideas 90003 90002 Below are some images we sourced from Pinterest: 90003 90335 90002 Cobblestone kerb and edging.Image sourced from Brackley Landscapes 90003 90338 90002 Sourced from Pinterest 90003 90341 90002 Porous tarmac and concrete. Image from Pervious Pavement 90003 90002 For those of you that are considering block paving: 90003 90002 Block paving ideas on Pinterest 90003 90027 Get a Quotation Online 90028 90002 We hope you liked our research into how much a tarmac driveway costs. 90003 90002 To get a customised quote for your driveway, tap the button below and fill in the online form — it only takes a few minutes: 90003 90002 Get a Quote Online 90003 90027 More: 90028 90002 When replacing driveways in excess of 100 square metres , the price per metre will reduce.We suggest sourcing customised quotes for driveways larger than 100 sqm. 90003 90002 Yes, the prices you see on this page are inclusive of VAT. 90003 90002 The key to a long driveway life is to ensure the ground is correctly compacted and the sub base of sufficient strength. Ensure this and the correct thickness of the binding and top layers and your driveway should last for decades assuming light use. 90003 90002 If you intend to use heavy vehicles on the driveway (3.5 tonnes and above) then consult the contractor about extra reinforcement.90003 90002 Rainwater must be diverted away from the house and should not empty onto public land such as a road or pavement. 90003 90002 There are several ways to achieve this; slope the driveway so water runs off onto flower beds or the lawn, connect a rainwater channel into an existing or new soakaway. 90003 90002 If neither of those options is possible, you may be able to discharge onto the public highway but you would need planning permission to do so. 90003 90002 90373 Do not forget; 90374 there are permeable driveway and patio materials that are designed to allow water to pass directly through into the ground.Speak to your driveway installer if you have issues with rainwater ponding on your existing driveway. 90003 90002 In most cases in the UK; no. However, if you want to drop the kerb to allow access to a new driveway or you need to discharge water onto the highway then yes planning permission would be required. 90003 90002 Overlays are always completed in one day, regardless of driveway size. Although some preparation work beforehand might be required; cleaning the existing surface and making good any repairs to pot holes etc.90003 90002 A full replacement including sub-base will take much longer. A 40 square metre driveway can be completed in a few days, a 100 square metre project will take longer. It all depends on much excavation of the existing ground is required, the type of material being dug up also affects the timescale. Tree roots and old cement can take a long time to remove. 90003 90077 90383.90000 How Much Does it Cost to Get a CDL? 90001 90002 Truck driving school costs and CDL fees will vary by the school options you choose and where you live, but the total cost is typically between 90003 $ 3,000 and $ 7,000. 90004 90005 90002 Read more about what determines the cost, and more importantly, how you can pay for that cost — including a way you do not have to! 90005 90008 What variables affect truck driving school costs? 90009 90002 Here are a few: 90005 90012 90013 90003 How comprehensive the program is 90004 — the amount of driving time, range time and classroom time 90016 90013 90003 Reputation and job placement record 90004 — look for quality, not just low cost 90016 90013 90003 Lodging and amenities 90004 — some schools include lodging in the cost if the school is not close enough to commute from home 90016 90013 90003 Equipment options 90004 — auto-only options are growing in popularity within the industry 90016 90029 90002 The cost of the Commercial Driver’s License (CDL) itself differs by state, with fees typically assessed for the road test, the license itself (Class A, B, C, etc.) And any endorsements you may have (e.g. hazmat, doubles, etc.). Consult your Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) office for specifics. 90005 90008 Paying your truck driving school costs 90009 90002 There are six primary ways to cover the cost of truck driving school (including paying your own way). 90005 90002 Two of those are ways that Schneider can pay for your schooling for you: 90005 90012 90013 whether you are looking to enroll or are already enrolled in school (Tuition Reimbursement) 90016 90013 or still need to obtain your Class A CDL (CDL Apprenticeship Training — CAT).90016 90029 90002 The diagram below offers a quick glimpse, with important details on each below that. 90005 90046 90047 1. Tuition reimbursement — up to $ 7,000 90048 90002 Have you received your Class A CDL or attended a refresher course on your own within the last 12 months? Join the thousands of Schneider drivers who have used our tuition reimbursement program. 90005 90051 Who is eligible for tuition reimbursement? 90052 90012 90013 Driver graduates from a truck driving school or completes a refresher course 90016 90013 Driver hires within 12 months of graduating from a truck driving school or completing a refresher course 90016 90013 Driver possesses a Class A license 90016 90013 Driver is actively working in a full-time driver capacity by Schneider on the day of payout 90016 90013 Driver is responsible for providing receipt and / or loan agreement as proof of payment 90016 90029 90051 What forms do I need for tuition reimbursement? 90052 90051 How does tuition reimbursement work? 90052 90069 90013 Driver paid for tuition (maximum reimbursement is $ 7,000) 90069 90013 Solo drivers are reimbursed $ 200 per month (non-taxable) toward the tuition cost of the truck driving school.90016 90013 Team drivers are reimbursed $ 400 per month (non-taxable) toward the tuition cost of the truck driving school. 90016 90013 The reimbursement is on the driver’s third paycheck each month. 90016 90013 The first reimbursement is processed following 30 days of employment provided that the required documents are entered by the first Friday of the month in which the reimbursement occurs. 90016 90013 Additional reimbursements are processed each month provided that the driver remains actively working with Schneider in a full-time driver capacity until the approved amount of reimbursement has been paid in full.90016 90082 90016 90013 Lender paid for tuition: loan (maximum reimbursement is $ 7,000) 90069 90013 Lenders for solo drivers are reimbursed $ 200 per month (non-taxable) on behalf of the driver toward the tuition cost of the truck driving school. 90016 90013 Lenders for team drivers are reimbursed $ 400 per month (non-taxable) on behalf of the driver toward the tuition cost of the truck driving school. 90016 90013 The first lender reimbursement is processed on the 15th of the month following 30 days of employment, provided that the documentation has been entered by the first Friday of the month in which the reimbursement occurs.90016 90013 Additional reimbursements are processed each month provided that the driver remains actively working with Schneider in a full-time driver capacity until the approved amount of reimbursement has been paid in full. 90016 90082 90016 90082 90002 This program is available for all driving jobs. Search jobs in your zip code, or call our Future Hires Team anytime to talk through options: 877-872-1766. 90005 90047 2. CDL Apprenticeship Training Program — paid five-week course 90048 90002 Schneider offers a paid five-week CDL Apprenticeship Training (CAT) course at our Indianapolis, Charlotte and Dallas locations.This option is available to individuals who currently have a commercial learner’s permit from their state of residence and are able to travel to the specified training facility. 90005 90051 How does the CAT program work? 90052 90012 90013 Paid on-the-job training 90016 90013 Training held in Indianapolis, Charlotte and Dallas — check availability in your area 90016 90013 Permit assistance is not offered; it is a prospective driver’s responsibility to obtain a permit before attending training 90016 90013 Trained in automated transmission trucks 90016 90013 Upon completion of the course candidate will take the Commercial Driver’s License Class A skills test at our Schneider facility 90016 90013 Lodging and select meals (lunch) are included 90016 90029 90008 How to Get Started 90009 90002 With the increasing driver shortage, the opportunities out there today for professional truck drivers are incredible.Schneider can help you get started by connecting you with the perfect, affordable training option for you. 90005 90002 Find a Truck Driving School 90005 90002 90126 Do you have any questions about how much it costs to get a CDL, or how to get set up financially to attend a truck driving school? Comment below. 90127 90005 .90000 How Much Does it Cost to Widen a Driveway? 90001 Home Costs> How Much Does it Cost to Widen a Driveway? 90002 90003 90004 Written by: 90005 Howmuchisit.org Staff 90006 90003 90004 Last Updated: 90005 August 15, 2018 90006 90002 90003 Homeowners often widen their driveway for a variety of reasons. This can include storing more vehicles, a new RV or to simply create more room. If your current driveway does not provide enough room, you may be considering widening it. 90006 90014 «asphalt driveway» (CC BY 2.0) by positionmktg 90015 90016 How much does it cost to widen a driveway? 90017 90018 90003 The cost to widen a driveway depends on a lot of factors. Since there are different kinds of materials that you can use for a driveway, the cost can be different depending on the type of materials that will be used. The most common materials used, for example, are asphalt and concrete, and asphalt is the cheapest between the two. The size of the driveway will also determine the total cost of the project since more materials will be used.90006 90003 90016 On average, plan on spending anywhere between $ 5 to $ 20 per square foot to widen a driveway with concrete. To widen a driveway with bricks or stamped concrete, the price could be as high as $ 150 per square foot. 90017 In the end, the costs to widen a driveway will depend on how you want to widen your driveway (both sides or one?), The driveway material you choose and the contractor you choose. 90006 90003 BuildingJournal.com offers a calculator which can calculate the total cost per square foot of the project.If you are located in Long Beach, California, for example, you can expect to pay anywhere from $ 118 to $ 204 per square foot for a paved and brick surfaced driveway. 90006 90003 According to PaverSearch.com, driveways can be widened for $ 15 to $ 100 per square feet depending on the material. 90006 90003 Members on City-data.com discussed this very question and a few talked about their quotes. One member was quoted $ 4.80 per square foot for a blacktop extension, with an additional $ 100 to install a french drain, while another member was quoted $ 14 per square foot for a concrete driveway widening job.90006 90015 90016 Widening a driveway overview 90017 90018 90003 If you are going to hire a contractor to widen your driveway, he or she will first want to come to your home to assess the project and then give you an estimate, often free, of the final price. This price should include the materials and labor so there are no surprise costs to you in the end. It’s important to ask for an itemized bill to make sure you know where you’re paying for. 90006 90003 A driveway extension will be no different than installing a new driveway.It will involve excavating the new area, setting up the driveway base and installing the extension with your material of choice. They will also ensure the new extension will remain stable for years to come. 90006 90015 90016 What are the extra costs? 90017 90018 90003 You may need to obtain a building permit from your local government office for the construction. The price will depend on your location. Some cities, for example, may not allow you to cut at the curb. 90006 90003 Depending on your driveway setup, you may have to relandscape the area around the new driveway.The costs could be very minimal if you want to plant grass or more extravagant if you wanted to replant trees or bushes. 90006 90003 A driveway extension on a slope could mean drainage issues, which could cause flooding problems in the future. Because of this, a drain may need to be installed to prevent this problem. 90006 90015 90016 Tips to know: 90017 90018 90003 Adding a new slab of concrete could, of course, widen your driveway, but keep in mind the colors will not match up since the newer concrete will look much fresher than that of your older concrete .However, if you were to add asphalt, you could simply seal coat the entire driveway when done to prevent the mismatch of colors. 90006 90015 90016 How can I save money? 90017 90018 90003 If you want to hire a professional but do not have the time or do not know where to look, consider getting multiple quotes from HomeAvisor.com. It’s free and all bids come from licensed contractors in your area. Even if you do not want to use a service like this, you can still contact contractors on your own as most are willing to offer a free estimate as long as you’re within their working radius.90006 90003 Oftentimes, widening a driveway with pavers can be a cheaper option, especially if you were to use a local landscaper. Refer to these Pinterest pictures for inspiration. 90006 90002 90064 90004 Advertising Disclosure: 90005 This content may include referral links. Please read our disclosure policy for more info. 90006 90064 90006 90070 90004 Average Reported Cost: 90005 $ 0 90073.